Structure-Based Virtual Screening Identifies 2-Arylthiazole-4-Carboxylic Acids as a Novel Class of Nanomolar Affinity Ligands for the CaMKIIα Hub Domain.

The Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKIIα) plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal signaling and higher brain functions, being involved in various brain diseases. Utilization of small molecules targeting the CaMKIIα hub domain has proved to be a promising strategy for specific CaMKIIα modulation and future therapy. Through an structure-based virtual screening campaign, we herein identified 2-arylthiazole-4-carboxylic acids as a new class of high-affinity CaMKIIα hub ligands.

Clinical derivation and data simulated validation of rule-out and rule-in algorithms for the Siemens Atellica IM high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay.

Background: This prospective, two-centre study derived and validated predictive algorithms for the Siemens Atellica IM high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) assay in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: Algorithms for predicting 30-day myocardial infarction type 1 and 2 (MI) and death or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI, type 1 and 2) at index admission were developed from a derivation cohort of 1896 patients and validated using a synthetic dataset with nearly 1 million patient cases. Performance was compared to the European Society of Cardiology algorithms for hs-cTnT (Roche Diagnostics) and hs-cTnI (Abbott Diagnostics).

Hospital toilets and drainage systems as a reservoir for a long-term polyclonal outbreak of clinical infections with multidrug-resistant species complex.

Background: Nosocomial outbreaks with multidrug-resistant bacteria with a probable reservoir in hospital toilets and drainage systems have been increasingly reported.

Aim: To investigate an increase in bacteraemia with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing at our hospital in 2021; the epidemiology of the outbreak suggested an environmental source.

Methods: Available clinical isolates from patient with infection or rectal carriage from 2019 to 2022 were collected.

Patient cohorts of interest in resuscitation science - Aligning Cardiac Arrest Registry Outputs with Stakeholder Needs.

Introduction: Cardiac arrest registries can benchmark, enhance quality of care and provide data for research. Key stakeholders from Emergency Medical Communication Centre (EMCC), Emergency Medical Services (EMS), In-Hospital Care Providers (IHCP) and Recovery and Rehabilitation Providers (RRP) have different perspectives, and registry results and patient cohorts should be tailored to facilitate benchmarking, quality improvement projects and research in all sections of the chain of survival. In this paper, we describe different cohorts of interest, exemplified by data from the Norwegian Cardiac Arrest Registry (NorCAR).

Cardiac myosin binding protein C correlate with cardiac troponin I during an exercise training program in patients with HFrEF.

Background: Cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyC) is an emerging new biomarker of myocardial injury rising earlier and cleared faster than cardiac troponins. It has discriminatory power similar to high-sensitive troponins in diagnosing myocardial infarction in patients presenting with chest pain. It is also associated with outcome in patients with acute heart failure.

Effects of maternal vitamin D supplementation on childhood health.

Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of health issues in the offspring. Accordingly, recent Endocrine Society guidelines strongly support supplementation in pregnancy, also underlining that without consensus on optimal maternal vitamin D levels, routine screening is currently irrelevant. Knowledge of organ-specific effects of vitamin D and its association with maternal vitamin D status may aid to optimize vitamin D supplementation.

Butyrate increases cardiac output and causes vasorelaxation in a healthy porcine model.

Background: Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, has shown potential to improve left ventricular (LV) function and induce vasorelaxation in rodents. Butyrate may either be produced by the microbiome in the colon, be ingested or administered intravenously. This study aimed to evaluate effects of butyrate on cardiac output (CO) and associated hemodynamic variables in a porcine model.

Novel Bat-Monitoring Dataset Reveals Targeted Foraging With Agricultural and Pest Control Implications.

Quantifying ecosystem services provided by mobile species like insectivorous bats remains a challenge, particularly in understanding where and how these services vary over space and time. Bats are known to offer valuable ecosystem services, such as mitigating insect pest damage to crops, reducing pesticide use, and reducing nuisance pest populations. However, determining where bats forage is difficult to monitor.

Digital health for early psychosis in Ghana: patient and caregiver needs and preferences.

In West Africa, the long-term consequences of poor early psychosis recovery include poverty, neglect, and community ostracization. To understand the potential for digital health approaches to support early psychosis care in Ghana, we conducted a survey study among early psychosis patients and their caregivers about mental health needs, technology use and access, and interest in digital mental health. Hospital staff at Accra Psychiatric Hospital reviewed hospital medical records from January 2023 - December 2023 identifying young adults (≥18 years old) who had experienced psychosis symptoms for the first time within the prior five years.

Effect of Improved Provider Communication and Adherence to Guidelines on PrEP Initiation in Kisumu Kenya.

Introduction: Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Kenya have low pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiation rates in part due to stigmatizing interactions with health care providers. Our recent randomized clinical trial of a standardized patient actor (SP) training intervention for providers found higher quality PrEP delivery at intervention sites, however it was unclear whether improved service quality improved PrEP initiation.

Methods: This analysis used routine records from facilities participating in the randomized trial which aimed to improve provider communication and adherence to Kenyan guidelines when offering PrEP to AGYW.

Transcriptome of capsular contracture around breast implants mimics allograft rejection: a matched case-control study.

Background: Capsular contracture is a frequent and severe complication following breast implant surgery. Although several theories on the pathophysiology exist, the exact molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the specific genes, signaling pathways, and immune cells associated with capsular contracture.

Identifying psychosocial predictors and developing a risk score for preterm birth among Kenyan pregnant women.

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where 40% of global neonatal deaths occur. We identified and combined demographic, clinical, and psychosocial correlates of PTB among Kenyan women to develop a risk score.

Methods: We used data from a prospective study enrolling HIV-negative women from 20 antenatal clinics in Western Kenya (NCT03070600).

Validation of the Histamine- and Heat-Induced Axon-Reflex Flare Response in a Nonselected Population of People With Type 1 Diabetes.

Introduction/aims: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy affects small nerve fibers early, but adequate evaluation has proven difficult. One method for functional assessment of small nerve fiber function is the axon-reflex flare (ARF) response. This study aimed to 1) validate the histamine-induced ARF response in a nonselected population with diabetes, 2) compare the response to that induced by local heating, and 3) compare both methods to an established method (quantitative sensory testing) in a nonselected population with diabetes.

Association between job strain and working life expectancy: a longitudinal study of older people in Sweden.

Many European countries have increased retirement ages to address the challenge of population ageing. However, job strain which is the combination of high job demands and low job control may be an obstacle to extending the working lives of older workers. Job strain is associated with poor health and early work exit among older workers, but less is known about whether job strain impacts working life expectancy (WLE)-an increasingly employed summary measure capturing the length of working lives.

Silicone Leakage from Breast Implants Is Determined by Silicone Cohesiveness: A Histologic Study of 493 Patients.

Background: Silicone leakage from breast implants is a concern with potential implications for patient health. This study aimed to quantify and model silicone leakage from implants to the breast implant capsule and to investigate whether silicone cohesiveness affected the silicone leakage rate.

Methods: Silicone content in the breast implant capsule was quantified histologically by measuring the area of silicone deposits.

Resistomes from oxytetracycline-treated pigs are readily transferred to untreated pen mates.

Pork is currently a major part of Danish food export and is also a key dietary source of protein across the world. Industrial pork production, however, comes with high antibiotic usage in many countries, including Denmark. This has created consumer demand for meat Raised Without Antibiotics (RWA).

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Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is a syndrome consisting of symptoms (dyspnoea, fatigue, swelling) and/or signs of congestion (pulmonary crackles, oedema). It is caused by structural and/or functional pathologies, most commonly ischaemic heart disease, entailing elevated cardiac filling pressures and can result in low cardiac output. Medical treatment has evolved during the recent decades as outlined in this review, and a 4-pillar treatment strategy is recommended including a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocker or sacubitril/valsartan, a betablocker, a mineralocorticoid antagonist, and an SGLT2 inhibitor.

Enhanced production of Fe in massive stars.

Massive stars are a major source of chemical elements in the cosmos, ejecting freshly produced nuclei through winds and core-collapse supernova explosions into the interstellar medium. Among the material ejected, long-lived radioisotopes, such as Fe (iron) and Al (aluminum), offer unique signs of active nucleosynthesis in our galaxy. There is a long-standing discrepancy between the observed Fe/Al ratio by γ-ray telescopes and predictions from supernova models.

Long-term volume retention of breast augmentation with fat grafting depends on weight changes: a three-year prospective MRI study.

Background: Fat grafting is increasingly used for breast augmentation. However, long-term volume retention, time to reach steady state, and the effect of postoperative weight changes on these outcomes are not fully understood.

Methods: In this prospective study, we included patients undergoing breast augmentation with fat grafting and examined them with MRI preoperatively and up to three years postoperatively.

Evaluating the Feasibility of a Telescreening Program for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) in Denmark.

: This study investigates the feasibility of implementing telescreening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) using the ICON GO widefield camera operated by a non-physician healthcare professional (NPHP). We hypothesized that images captured by an NPHP are adequate to evaluate ROP changes without further examinations. Secondly, the level of agreement between independent ROP graders were evaluated based on the fundus photographs.

Adverse health outcomes in offspring of parents with alcohol-related liver disease: Nationwide Danish cohort study.

Background: Parental drinking can cause harm to the offspring. A parent's diagnosis of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) might be an opportunity to reach offspring with preventive interventions. We investigated offspring risk of adverse health outcomes throughout life, their association with their parent's educational level and diagnosis of ALD.