Impact of preoperative fasting times on blood glucose concentration, ketone bodies and acid-base balance in children younger than 36 months: A prospective observational study.

Background: In contrast to preoperative fasting guidelines in paediatric anaesthesia, actual fasting times are often too long.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative fasting on glucose concentration, ketone bodies and acid-base balance in children.

Design: A prospective, noninterventional, clinical observational study.

Investigations on the biology, epidemiology, pathology and control of Tunga penetrans in Brazil. V. Cytokine concentrations in experimentally infected Wistar rats.

Tungiasis is caused by the penetration of the female sand flea Tunga penetrans into the skin of its host. This parasitic skin disease is almost invariably associated with an intense inflammation around embedded fleas, the underlying mechanisms being unknown. A study was undertaken to determine whether Wistar rats can be used as an animal model to assess cytokine kinetics during the natural course of the infection.