Regional variation in use of exogenous and endogenous glomerular filtration rate (GFR) markers in Sweden.

Background: Markers of renal function (glomerular filtration rate (GFR)) are frequently used in the Swedish health care. GFR is usually estimated based on plasma creatinine concentration, but plasma cystatin C concentration, creatinine clearance, iohexol clearance, and (51)Cr-EDTA clearance are also used. These markers are all part of the daily patient care, but there is little specific information on the clinical use of these markers.

Early correction of posterior crossbite--a cost-minimization analysis.

There are few cost evaluation studies of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the costs of correcting posterior crossbites with Quad Helix (QH) or expansion plates (EPs) and to relate the costs to the effects. To determine which alternative has the lower cost, a cost-minimization analysis was undertaken, based on that the outcome of the treatment alternatives is identical.

Immediate computed tomography or admission for observation after mild head injury: cost comparison in randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the costs of immediate computed tomography during triage for admission with those of observation in hospital in patients with mild head injury.

Design: Prospective cost effectiveness analysis within a multicentre, pragmatic randomised trial.

Setting: 39 acute hospitals in Sweden

Participants: 2602 patients (aged > or = 6) with mild head injury.