Color pan traps often catch less when there are more flowers around.

When assessing changes in populations of species, it is essential that the methods used to collect data have some level of precision and preferably also good accuracy. One commonly used method to collect pollinators is colour pan traps, but this method has been suggested to be biased by the abundance of surrounding flowers. The present study evaluated the relationship between pan trap catches and the frequency of flowers on small (25 m) and large (2-6 ha) spatial scales.

Temporal variations in methane emissions from emergent aquatic macrophytes in two boreonemoral lakes.

Methane (CH) emissions via emergent aquatic macrophytes can contribute substantially to the global CH balance. We addressed temporal variability in CH flux by using the static chamber approach to quantify fluxes from plots dominated by two species considered to differ in flux transport mechanisms (, ). Temporal variability in daily mean emissions from early June to early October was substantial.

Vegetation in clear-cuts depends on previous land use: a century-old grassland legacy.

Plant species richness in central and northern European seminatural grasslands is often more closely linked to past than present habitat configuration, which is indicative of an extinction debt. In this study, we investigate whether signs of historical grassland management can be found in clear-cuts after at least 80 years as coniferous production forest by comparing floras between clear-cuts with a history as meadow and as forest in the 1870s in Sweden. Study sites were selected using old land-use maps and data on present-day clear-cuts.

Using Sex Pheromone and a Multi-Scale Approach to Predict the Distribution of a Rare Saproxylic Beetle.

The European red click beetle, Elater ferrugineus L., is associated with wood mould in old hollow deciduous trees. As a result of severe habitat fragmentation caused by human disturbance, it is threatened throughout its distribution range.

Risks of hemolysis due to anti-A and anti-B caused by the transfusion of blood or blood components containing ABO-incompatible plasma.

Background: The increasing use of fresh blood group O whole blood in acute trauma medicine makes it important to reevaluate the issue of hemolytic reactions related to the transfusion of ABO-incompatible plasma.

Study Design And Methods: This review summarizes and evaluates published articles and case reports concerning hemolytic reactions in connection with the transfusion of group O whole blood or blood products to nongroup O recipients.

Results: In 1945-1986, 15 nonmilitary publications reported hemolytic transfusion reactions with group O blood/blood products.

Stroke asymmetry of tilted superhydrophobic ion track textures.

The stroke asymmetry of contact angles of water drops on tilted hydrophobic textures is demonstrated, obtained by ion track etching followed by a hydrophobic treatment. Preliminary trends concerning the advancing and receding contact angles are established, each with and against stroke direction. In rough agreement with Cassie-Baxter theory, the cosines of these four contact angles depend linearly on the wetted area fraction.

Splitting the tail of the displacement kernel shows the unimportance of kurtosis.

Animals disperse in space through different movement behaviors, resulting in different displacement distances. This is often described with a displacement kernel where the long-distance dispersers are within the tail of the kernel. A displacement with a large proportion of long-distance dispersers may have impact on different aspects of spatial ecology such as invasion speed, population persistence, and distribution.

Indices for detecting differences in species composition: some simplifications of RDA and CCA.

We provide algebraic simplifications for the redundancy analysis (RDA) eigenvalue and the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) eigenvalue in the special case of permanent plots sampled twice. The indices for RDA and CCA are interrelated and are intuitively interpretable. These simplifications also apply to simple split-plot designs and to a balanced design with two independent samples.

On the correlation between heterozygosity and fitness in natural populations.

Three primary hypotheses currently prevail for correlations between heterozygosity at a set of molecular markers and fitness in natural populations. First, multilocus heterozygosity-fitness correlations might result from selection acting directly on the scored loci, such as at particular allozyme loci. Second, significant levels of linkage disequilibrium, as in recently bottlenecked-and-expanded populations, might cause associations between the markers and fitness loci in the local chromosomal vicinity.