Fully Integrated Wearable Device for Continuous Sweat Lactate Monitoring in Sports.

The chemical digitalization of sweat using wearable sensing interfaces is an attractive alternative to traditional blood-based protocols in sports. Although sweat lactate has been claimed to be a relevant biomarker in sports, an analytically validated wearable system to prove that has not yet been developed. We present a fully integrated sweat lactate sensing system applicable to in situ perspiration analysis.

The Modern Double-Poling Technique Is Not More Energy Efficient Than the Old-Fashioned Double-Poling Technique at a Submaximal Work Intensity.

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether there are energy-efficiency differences between the execution of the old-fashioned double-poling technique (DP) and the modern double-poling technique (DP) at a submaximal work intensity among elite male cross-country skiers. Fifteen elite male cross-country skiers completed two 4-min tests at a constant mechanical work rate (MWR) using the DP and DP. During the last minute of each test, the mean oxygen uptake (VO) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were analyzed, from which the metabolic rate (MR) and gross efficiency (GE) were calculated.

Effect of sub-technique transitions on energy expenditure and physiological load in the classical-style technique among elite male cross-country skiers.

Purpose: To investigate whether sub-technique transitions in the classical-style technique are associated with increased energy expenditure and/or metabolic stress among elite male cross-country skiers.

Methods: Fifteen elite male skiers completed three 10-min treadmill roller-skiing tests, each of which consisted of 5 min using the diagonal-stride technique (DS) and 5 min using the double-poling technique (DP), combined in three various modes all ensuring comparable mechanical workload, at an inclination of 2.5° and a speed of 13 km/h.

Differences in nitric oxide airway diffusion after maximum oxygen uptake test in asthmatic and nonasthmatic elite junior cross-country skiers.

Asthma is common in cross-country skiers and is often treated with β-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is often used to guide ICS treatment in asthma. This study investigated the change in pulmonary NO dynamics before and after a maximum oxygen uptake (' ) test.

The effects of strength training versus ski-ergometer training on double-poling capacity of elite junior cross-country skiers.

Purpose: To compare the effects of strength training versus ski-ergometer training on double-poling gross efficiency (GE), maximal speed (V ), peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) for elite male and female junior cross-country skiers.

Methods: Thirty-three elite junior cross-country skiers completed a 6-week training-intervention period with two additional 40-min training sessions per week. The participants were matched in pairs and within each pair randomly assigned to either a strength-training group (STR) or a ski-ergometer-training group (ERG).

Physiological Demands of Competitive Sprint and Distance Performance in Elite Female Cross-Country Skiing.

Carlsson, M, Carlsson, T, Wedholm, L, Nilsson, M, Malm, C, and Tonkonogi, M. Physiological demands of competitive sprint and distance performance in elite female cross-country skiing. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2138-2144, 2016-The purpose was to investigate the relationship between elite females' competitive performance capability in sprint and distance cross-country skiing and the variables of gross efficiency (GE), work rate at the onset of blood-lactate accumulation (OBLA4mmol), maximal oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max), maximal speed (Vmax), and peak upper-body oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak).