Computed tomography with adjusted dose for body mass index may be superior to whole-body radiography especially in elderly patients with multiple myeloma.

Background: Whole-body skeletal radiography has traditionally been used in the management of multiple myeloma for defining treatment strategies. For several reasons, radiography has been replaced by computed tomography (CT) covering the same regions.

Purpose: To evaluate the body mass index (BMI) adjusted effective radiation dose from two different methods of whole-body radiologic imaging for multiple myeloma assessment.

Investigating Differences in Behavior and Brain in Human-Human and Human-Autonomous Vehicle Interactions in Time-Critical Situations.

Some studies provide evidence that humans could actively exploit the alleged technological advantages of autonomous vehicles (AVs). This implies that humans may tend to interact differently with AVs as compared to human driven vehicles (HVs) with the knowledge that AVs are programmed to be risk-averse. Hence, it is important to investigate how humans interact with AVs in complex traffic situations.

A Nordic-Baltic perspective on indications for proton therapy with strategies for identification of proper patients.

The beneficial effects of protons are primarily based on reduction of low to intermediate radiation dose bath to normal tissue surrounding the radiotherapy target volume. Despite promise for reduced long-term toxicity, the percentage of cancer patients treated with proton therapy remains low. This is probably caused by technical improvements in planning and delivery of photon therapy, and by high cost, low availability and lack of high-level evidence on proton therapy.

Effective dose in low-dose CT compared with radiography for templating of total hip arthroplasty.

Background Recently, total hip arthroplasty (THA) has come to focus on restoration of individual anatomy including femoral neck anteversion and global offset (femoral and acetabular offset). Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) data could provide a better basis for preoperative templating. The use of CT has been hampered by high radiation dose.

Tomosynthesis of the thoracic spine: added value in diagnosing vertebral fractures in the elderly.

Objectives: Thoracic spine radiography becomes more difficult with age. Tomosynthesis is a low-dose tomographic extension of radiography which may facilitate thoracic spine evaluation. This study assessed the added value of tomosynthesis in imaging of the thoracic spine in the elderly.

Designing driver assistance systems with crossmodal signals: multisensory integration rules for saccadic reaction times apply.

Modern driver assistance systems make increasing use of auditory and tactile signals in order to reduce the driver's visual information load. This entails potential crossmodal interaction effects that need to be taken into account in designing an optimal system. Here we show that saccadic reaction times to visual targets (cockpit or outside mirror), presented in a driving simulator environment and accompanied by auditory or tactile accessories, follow some well-known spatiotemporal rules of multisensory integration, usually found under confined laboratory conditions.

Effective dose from chest tomosynthesis in children.

Tomosynthesis (digital tomography) is a recently introduced low-dose alternative to CT in the evaluation of the lungs in patients with cystic fibrosis and pulmonary nodules. Previous studies have reported an adult effective dose of 0.12-0.

Conversion factors for estimation of effective dose in paediatric chest tomosynthesis.

For chest tomosynthesis in adults, a conversion factor of 0.26 mSv/Gy cm² has been reported for calculating the effective dose from the registered dose-area-product. The aim of this study was to determine conversion factors for chest tomosynthesis in children.

Combined laparoscopic-endoscopic resections of colorectal polyps: 10-year experience and follow-up.

Background: Large, colorectal polyps or those that are difficult to access may be unamenable to conventional snare polypectomy and may require surgical resection. This study was designed to evaluate the resection of such lesions by the use of combined laparoscopic-endoscopic resections (CLER).

Methods: Patients who had received CLER for colorectal polyps between January 1997 and December 2006 were identified from a prospectively maintained database.

Beam modeling and verification of a photon beam multisource model.

Dose calculations for treatment planning of photon beam radiotherapy require a model of the beam to drive the dose calculation models. The beam shaping process involves scattering and filtering that yield radiation components which vary with collimator settings. The necessity to model these components has motivated the development of multisource beam models.

Verification of dose calculations with a clinical treatment planning system based on a point kernel dose engine.

Dose calculations with a collapsed cone algorithm implemented in a clinical treatment planning system have been studied. The algorithm has been evaluated in homogeneous as well as in heterogeneous media, and the results have been compared to measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. Commonly encountered clinical beam configurations as well as more complex geometries have been pursued to test the limitations of the model.

Dosimetric verification of modulated photon fields by means of compensators for a kernel model.

The approach in treatment planning of applying beam quality correction factors to model compensator-induced depth-hardening effects is investigated and the present work comprises a dosimetric verification of the model for a common compensator material. Lead sheet modulators for four different phantom shapes were designed using a treatment planning system based on the model. The modulators were designed to yield homogeneous dose in a plane.