Cause-specific and all-cause mortalities in vegetarian compared with those in nonvegetarian participants from the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort.

Background: There have been mixed results reported internationally when associating vegetarian dietary patterns with all-cause and cause-specific mortalities.

Objectives: This study aimed to extend our previous results by evaluating, with a larger number of deaths (N = 12,515), cause-specific mortalities comparing different vegetarian types with nonvegetarians.

Methods: This prospective study used data from the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort.

Left ventricular diastolic abnormalities in vegetarians compared with non-vegetarians.

Vegetarians have less hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity, hence possibly lower risk of congestive heart failure (HF). We studied associations between vegetarian diets and echocardiographic markers of stage B HF. In a cross-sectional study, dietary pattern was ascertained by a validated FFQ.

Dairy foods, calcium intakes, and risk of incident prostate cancer in Adventist Health Study-2.

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer in American males. Causal links between dairy, or dietary calcium, and this cancer are considered suggestive but limited.

Objectives: To evaluate these associations in a large North American cohort, including many with no (or very low) dairy intake and much calcium from nondairy sources.

Vegetarian dietary patterns and the risk of colorectal cancers.

Importance: Colorectal cancers are a leading cause of cancer mortality, and their primary prevention by diet is highly desirable. The relationship of vegetarian dietary patterns to colorectal cancer risk is not well established.

Objective: To evaluate the association between vegetarian dietary patterns and incident colorectal cancers.