The ElonginB/C-Cullin5-SOCS-Box-Complex Is a Potential Biomarker for Growth Hormone Disorders.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is the standard biochemical marker for the diagnosis and treatment control of acromegaly and growth hormone deficiency (GHD). However, its limitations necessitate the screening for new specific and sensitive biomarkers. The elonginB/C-cullin5-SOCS-box-complex (ECS-complex) (an intracellular five-protein complex) is stimulated by circulating growth hormone (GH) and regulates GH receptor levels through a negative feedback loop.

Biomarkers for Liquid Biopsies of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) do not only belong to the most common intracranial neoplasms but seem to be generally more common than has been thought. Minimally invasive liquid biopsies have the potential to improve their early screening efficiency as well as monitor prognosis by facilitating the diagnostic procedures. This review aims to assess the potential of using liquid biopsies of different kinds of biomarker species that have only been obtained from solid pituitary tissues so far.

In Vitro Evaluation of Glycoengineered RSV-F in the Human Artificial Lymph Node Reactor.

Subunit vaccines often require adjuvants to elicit sustained immune activity. Here, a method is described to evaluate the efficacy of single vaccine candidates in the preclinical stage based on cytokine and gene expression analysis. As a model, the recombinant human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein (RSV-F) was produced in CHO cells.

Engineering of CHO Cells for the Production of Recombinant Glycoprotein Vaccines with Xylosylated N-glycans.

Xylose is a general component of -glycans in mammals. Core-xylosylation of -glycans is only found in plants and helminth. Consequently, xylosylated -glycans cause immunological response in humans.

Induced cytokine response of human PMBC-cultures: correlation of gene expression and secretion profiling and the effect of cryopreservation.

The immune system is regulated by the complex interaction of multiple cytokines, which are secreted signaling molecules affecting other cells. In this work, we studied the cytokine response to several well-known stimulants, such as OKT-3, Con A, PWM, and SEB. Healthy donor cells (PBMCs) were cultivated for up to 72 h and the mRNA levels and cytokine release of four key cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) were analyzed by RT-PCR and bead-based multiplex analyses.