The human gut microbiome is highly personal. However, the contribution of gut physiology and environment to variations in the gut microbiome remains understudied. Here we performed an observational trial using multi-omics to profile microbiome composition and metabolism in 61 healthy adults for 9 consecutive days.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Both liraglutide and colesevelam improve bile acid diarrhea symptoms. Colesevelam binds excess amounts of diarrhea-causing bile acids in the colon, whereas the mode of action for liraglutide remains elusive. In this article, we examined the impact of colesevelam and liraglutide treatment on the concentrations of bile acids in serum and feces and the fecal microbiota composition to better understand the 2 drugs' modes of action.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenotoxicants originating from inflammation, diet, and environment can covalently modify DNA, possibly initiating the process of carcinogenesis. DNA adducts have been known for long, but the old methods allowed to target only a few known DNA adducts at a time, not providing a global picture of the "DNA adductome". DNA adductomics is a new research field, aiming to screen for unknown DNA adducts by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
August 2024
Diets, but also overall food environments, comprise a variety of significant factors with direct and indirect impacts on human health. Eco-Regions are geographical areas with a territorial approach to rural development, utilizing organic food and farming practices, and principles and promoting sustainable communities and food systems. However, so far, little attention has been given to quantifying aspects of the health of citizens living in these sustainable transition territories.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFShort-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the major microbial metabolites produced from the fermentation of dietary fiber in the gut. They are recognised as secretagogues of the glucagon-like peptides, GLP-1 and GLP-2, likely mediated by the activation of free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3 (FFAR2 and 3) expressed on enteroendocrine L-cells. Fiber-deficient diets are associated with decreased intestinal function and decreased colonic GLP-1 and GLP-2 content.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrecision nutrition requires precise tools to monitor dietary habits. Yet current dietary assessment instruments are subjective, limiting our understanding of the causal relationships between diet and health. Biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) hold promise to increase the objectivity and accuracy of dietary assessment, enabling adjustment for compliance and misreporting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Analysis of time-resolved postprandial metabolomics data can improve our understanding of the human metabolism by revealing similarities and differences in postprandial responses of individuals. Traditional data analysis methods often rely on data summaries or univariate approaches focusing on one metabolite at a time.
Objectives: Our goal is to provide a comprehensive picture in terms of the changes in the human metabolism in response to a meal challenge test, by revealing static and dynamic markers of phenotypes, i.
Background And Aim: Results from randomized controlled trials indicate that no single diet performs better than other for all people living with obesity. Regardless of the diet plan, there is always large inter-individual variability in weight changes, with some individuals losing weight and some not losing or even gaining weight. This raises the possibility that, for different individuals, the optimal diet for successful weight loss may differ.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScope: The New Nordic Diet (NND) has been shown to promote weight loss and lower blood pressure amongst obese people. This study investigates blood plasma metabolite and lipoprotein biomarkers differentiating subjects who followed Average Danish Diet (ADD) or NND. The study also evaluates how the individual response to the diet is reflected in the metabolic differences between NND subjects who lost or maintained their pre-intervention weight.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Diets rich in whole grains are associated with health benefits. Yet, it remains unclear whether the benefits are mediated by changes in gut function and fermentation.
Objective: We explored the effects of whole-grain vs.
Introduction: Uzbekistan is one of the countries with the highest number of diet-related chronic diseases, which is believed to be associated with high animal fat intake. Sheep meat is high in fats (~ 5% in muscle), including saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and it contains nearly twice the higher amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids compared to beef. Nevertheless, sheep meat is considered health promoting by the locals in Uzbekistan and it accounts for around 1/3 of red meat intake in the country.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe predominant source of alcohol in the diet is alcoholic beverages, including beer, wine, spirits and liquors, sweet wine, and ciders. Self-reported alcohol intakes are likely to be influenced by measurement error, thus affecting the accuracy and precision of currently established epidemiological associations between alcohol itself, alcoholic beverage consumption, and health or disease. Therefore, a more objective assessment of alcohol intake would be very valuable, which may be established through biomarkers of food intake (BFIs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Nordic diet is characterized by a high content of plant-based food and a limited content of animal and processed food. Intervention studies show with moderate evidence that Nordic diet reduces risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (blood pressure, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Observational studies show with weak evidence that Nordic diet reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
November 2022
Alcohol consumption ranging from 1−2 drinks/day associates with a lower risk of coronary heart disease in some studies. The underlying mechanisms are unclear. The Metabolic Imprints of Alcoholic Beverages (MetAl) trial aimed to explore the short-term effects of moderate alcohol consumption on cardiovascular biomarkers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlcohol consumption increases circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), but HDL protein cargo may better reflect HDL function. This study examined the associations between alcohol intake and HDL subspecies containing or lacking apoC3, apoE, and apoJ in a well-phenotyped cohort. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 2092 Cardiovascular Health Study participants aged 70 or older with HDL subspecies measured in stored specimens from 1998 to 1999.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Bile acid diarrhoea is an underdiagnosed disease estimated to affect 1-2% of the general population. Case reports indicate that the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist liraglutide might be an effective treatment for bile acid diarrhoea. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of liraglutide for the treatment of bile acid diarrhoea.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe exposure of human DNA to genotoxic compounds induces the formation of covalent DNA adducts, which may contribute to the initiation of carcinogenesis. Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is a powerful tool for DNA adductomics, a new research field aiming at screening known and unknown DNA adducts in biological samples. The lack of databases and bioinformatics tool in this field limits the applicability of DNA adductomics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Aims: Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) is a debilitating disease characterized by loose stools and high stool frequency. The pathophysiology of BAM is not well-understood. We investigated postprandial enterohepatic and gluco-metabolic physiology, as well as gut microbiome composition and fecal bile acid content in patients with BAM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScope: Biomarkers for intake of green leafy vegetables such as spinach can help investigate their health effects. However, only few potential intake markers have been reported in the literature so far.
Methods And Results: Based on a cross-over study on whole leaf and minced spinach, we investigate changes in metabolites before and after spinach intake and differences between the two treatments and health status.
Background & Aims: Intake assessment in multicenter trials is challenging, yet important for accurate outcome evaluation. The present study aimed to characterize a multicenter randomized controlled trial with a healthy Nordic diet (HND) compared to a Control diet (CD) by plasma and urine metabolic profiles and to associate them with cardiometabolic markers.
Methods: During 18-24 weeks of intervention, 200 participants with metabolic syndrome were advised at six centres to eat either HND (e.
Purpose: Replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the changes in the serum metabolome after this replacement is not well known. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the metabolites differentiating diets where six energy percentage SFA is replaced with PUFA and to elucidate the association of dietary metabolites with cardiometabolic risk markers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContext: Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improvement in cardiovascular risk markers, including lipoproteins and lipoprotein subfractions.
Objective: To systematically review the relationship between moderate alcohol intake, lipoprotein subfractions, and related mechanisms.
Data Sources: Following PRISMA, all human and ex vivo studies with an alcohol intake up to 60 g/d were included from 8 databases.