The Magnitude of the Blood Acid-Base Response, but Not Time to Peak, Is Reliable Following the Ingestion of Acute, Individualized Sodium Citrate.

Enhanced buffering capacity following sodium citrate (SC) ingestion may be optimized when subsequent exercise commences at individual time-to-peak (TTP) alkalosis (blood pH or bicarbonate concentration [HCO3-]). While accounting for considerable interindividual variation in TTP (188-300 min), a reliable blood alkalotic response is required for practical use. This study evaluated the reliability of blood pH, HCO3-, and sodium (Na+) following acute SC ingestion.

Shedding light on incidence and burden of physeal injuries in a youth elite football academy: A 4-season prospective study.

Introduction: Physeal injuries have been overlooked in epidemiological research in youth sports. Our prospective study investigated the incidence, severity, and burden of physeal injuries in a youth elite football academy.

Methods: In total, 551 youth male football players from under-9 to under-19 were included and observed over four consecutive seasons.

A critical review of citrulline malate supplementation and exercise performance.

As a nitric oxide (NO) enhancer, citrulline malate (CM) has recently been touted as a potential ergogenic aid to both resistance and high-intensity exercise performance, as well as the recovery of muscular performance. The mechanism has been associated with enhanced blood flow to active musculature, however, it might be more far-reaching as either ammonia homeostasis could be improved, or ATP production could be increased via greater availability of malate. Moreover, CM might improve muscle recovery via increased nutrient delivery and/or removal of waste products.

Association of Skeletal Maturity and Injury Risk in Elite Youth Soccer Players: A 4-Season Prospective Study With Survival Analysis.

Background: The association between injury risk and skeletal maturity in youth soccer has received little attention.

Purpose: To prospectively investigate injury patterns and incidence in relation to skeletal maturity in elite youth academy soccer players and to determine the injury risks associated with the skeletal maturity status, both overall and to the lower limb apophysis.

Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

Sodium bicarbonate supplementation and the female athlete: A brief commentary with small scale systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sodium bicarbonate (SB) is considered an effective ergogenic supplement for improving high-intensity exercise capacity and performance, although recent data suggests that women may be less amenable to its ergogenic effects than men. Currently, an apparent paucity of data on women means no consensus exists on whether women benefit from SB supplementation. The aim of the current study was to quantify the proportion of the published literature on SB supplementation that includes women, and to synthesise the evidence regarding its effects on blood bicarbonate and exercise performance in women by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Injury incidence and burden in a youth elite football academy: a four-season prospective study of 551 players aged from under 9 to under 19 years.

Objective: Investigate the incidence and burden of injuries by age group in youth football (soccer) academy players during four consecutive seasons.

Methods: All injuries that caused time-loss or required medical attention (as per consensus definitions) were prospectively recorded in 551 youth football players from under 9 years to under 19 years. Injury incidence (II) and burden (IB) were calculated as number of injuries per squad season (s-s), as well as for type, location and age groups.

The effect of astaxanthin supplementation on performance and fat oxidation during a 40 km cycling time trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether supplementation with 12 mg⋅day astaxanthin for 7 days can improve exercise performance and metabolism during a 40 km cycling time trial.

Design: A randomised, double-blind, crossover design was employed.

Methods: Twelve recreationally trained male cyclists (VO: 56.

Post-exercise provision of 40 g of protein during whole body resistance training further augments strength adaptations in elderly males.

 In the elderly, low protein intake exacerbates the effects of sarcopenia and anabolic resistance.  Protein supplementation to maximise muscle protein synthesis, may be an effective intervention. Aim: To determine the effects of a low/high dose of protein, ingested immediately post-exercise, during resistance training in novice elderly males.

Enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate supplementation improves high-intensity cycling performance in trained cyclists.

Purpose: Enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) can attenuate gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms following acute bicarbonate loading, although the subsequent effects on exercise performance have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of enteric-coated NaHCO supplementation on high-intensity exercise performance and GI symptoms.

Methods: Eleven trained male cyclists completed three 4 km time trials after consuming; a placebo or 0.

Enteric-Coated Sodium Bicarbonate Attenuates Gastrointestinal Side-Effects.

Enteric-formulated capsules can mitigate gastrointestinal (GI) side effects following sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion; however, it remains unclear how encapsulation alters postingestion symptoms and acid-base balance. The current study aimed to identify the optimal ingestion form to mitigate GI distress following NaHCO3 ingestion. Trained males (n = 14) ingested 300 mg/kg body mass of NaHCO3 in gelatin (GEL), delayed-release (DEL), and enteric-coated (ENT) capsules or a placebo in a randomized cross-over design.

A Novel Ingestion Strategy for Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation in a Delayed-Release Form: a Randomised Crossover Study in Trained Males.

Background: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) is a well-established nutritional ergogenic aid, though gastrointestinal (GI) distress is a common side-effect. Delayed-release NaHCO may alleviate GI symptoms and enhance bicarbonate bioavailability following oral ingestion, although this has yet to be confirmed.

Methods: In a randomised crossover design, pharmacokinetic responses and acid-base status were compared following two forms of NaHCO, as were GI symptoms.

The effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on cycling performance and acid base balance recovery in acute normobaric hypoxia.

This study investigated the effects of two separate doses of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) on 4 km time trial (TT) cycling performance and post-exercise acid base balance recovery in hypoxia. Fourteen club-level cyclists completed four cycling TT's, followed by a 40 min passive recovery in normobaric hypoxic conditions (FiO = 14.5%) following one of either: two doses of NaHCO (0.

The role of executive function in the self-regulation of endurance performance: A critical review.

Research has outlined how self-regulation is crucial to the decision-making processes and pacing of endurance performance. There is evidence to suggest that executive function is implicated in self-regulatory processes, as the two are conceptually similar and share common brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex. This review draws upon various research domains to argue that executive function underlies the top-down self-regulation of endurance tasks.

The temporal pattern of recovery in eccentric hamstring strength post-soccer specific fatigue.

Eccentric hamstring strength is an aetiological risk factor for soccer injury. The temporal pattern of recovery post-exercise is critical in injury management. 18 male professional soccer players completed baseline assessments of eccentric hamstring strength at isokinetic speeds of 60, 150 and 300°· s.

The effect of beetroot juice supplementation on repeat-sprint performance in hypoxia.

This investigation assessed the effect of dietary nitrate (NO) supplementation, in the form of beetroot juice (BR), on repeat-sprint performance in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia. 12 male team-sport athletes (age 22.3 ± 2.

Time to Optimize Supplementation: Modifying Factors Influencing the Individual Responses to Extracellular Buffering Agents.

Blood alkalosis, as indicated by an increased blood bicarbonate concentration and pH, has been shown to be beneficial for exercise performance. Sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, and sodium or calcium lactate, can all result in increased circulating bicarbonate and have all independently been shown to improve exercise capacity and performance under various circumstances. Although there is considerable evidence demonstrating the efficacy of these supplements in several sports-specific situations, it is commonly acknowledged that their efficacy is equivocal, due to contrasting evidence.