Systemic Activation of the Kynurenine Pathway in Graves Disease With and Without Ophthalmopathy.

Context: Graves disease (GD) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders. Recent literature has shown an immune response involving several different inflammatory related proteins in these patients.

Objective: This work aimed to characterize the kynurenine pathway, activated during interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-mediated inflammation and cellular (T-helper type 1 [Th1] type) immunity, in GD patients with and without thyroid eye disease (TED).

Exploring the human plasma proteome for humoral mediators of remote ischemic preconditioning--a word of caution.

Despite major advances in early revascularization techniques, cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death worldwide, and myocardial infarctions contribute heavily to this. Over the past decades, it has become apparent that reperfusion of blood to a previously ischemic area of the heart causes damage in and of itself, and that this ischemia reperfusion induced injury can be reduced by up to 50% by mechanical manipulation of the blood flow to the heart. The recent discovery of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) provides a non-invasive approach of inducing this cardioprotection at a distance.