Microbial Dynamics: Assessing Skincare Regimens' Impact on the Facial Skin Microbiome and Skin Health Parameters.

The human skin microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microbes, plays a pivotal role in skin health. This study aimed to investigate the impact of two skincare regimens, with preservatives (CSPs) and preservative-free (PFPs), on the skin microbiome in correlation to skin quality. double-blind randomized cosmetic studywith a split-face design was conducted on 26 female participants.

Prenatal and Early Childhood Exposure to Proton Pump Inhibitors and Antibiotics and the Risk of Childhood Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Our microbiome is established during infancy, a time important for later health and long-term effects. Proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics are regularly prescribed during pregnancy. Both drugs cause microbiome disturbance and have been associated with increased cancer risk in adults, but effects of these drugs on the growing foetus and infant remain understudied.

Trends in Proton Pump Inhibitor Use in Sweden by Sex and Age: A Drug Utilisation Study.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most popular drugs worldwide. Yet, there are concerns on long-term safety and poor adherence to prescription guidelines. Off-label use in children and increasing maintenance use in older adults may be particularly worrisome.

Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Nationwide Cohort Study in Sweden.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an established gastric carcinogen, also associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Therefore, we suspected that H.

Fecal samples and rectal swabs adequately reflect the human colonic luminal microbiota.

The appropriateness of the fecal microbiota to adequately reflect the gut microbiota composition from more difficult to access luminal content at different colonic locations has been debated. Here, in a healthy population, luminal samples were collected from terminal ileum to rectum using an unique sampling technique without the need of prior bowel cleansing/preparation. Rectal swabs were collected immediately prior colonoscopy by an experienced physician, and fecal samples were collected at home by the participants themselves.

Transient colonizing microbes promote gut dysbiosis and functional impairment.

Species composition of the healthy adult gut microbiota tends to be stable over time. Destabilization of the gut microbiome under the influence of different factors is the main driver of the microbial dysbiosis and subsequent impacts on host physiology. Here, we used metagenomics data from a Swedish longitudinal cohort, to determine the stability of the gut microbiome and uncovered two distinct microbial species groups; persistent colonizing species (PCS) and transient colonizing species (TCS).

Defining Vaginal Community Dynamics: daily microbiome transitions, the role of menstruation, bacteriophages, and bacterial genes.

Background: The composition of the vaginal microbiota during the menstrual cycle is dynamic, with some women remaining eu- or dysbiotic and others transitioning between these states. What defines these dynamics, and whether these differences are microbiome-intrinsic or mostly driven by the host is unknown. To address this, we characterized 49 healthy, young women by metagenomic sequencing of daily vaginal swabs during a menstrual cycle.

Navigating beyond associations: Opportunities to establish causal relationships between the gut microbiome and colorectal carcinogenesis.

The gut microbiota has been recognized as an important determinant in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), with recent studies shining light on the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the interactions between microbes and the CRC microenvironment. Despite the increasing wealth of associations being established in the field, proving causality remains challenging. Obstacles include the high variability of the microbiome and its context, both across individuals and across time.

Global compositional and functional states of the human gut microbiome in health and disease.

The human gut microbiota is of increasing interest, with metagenomics a key tool for analyzing bacterial diversity and functionality in health and disease. Despite increasing efforts to expand microbial gene catalogs and an increasing number of metagenome-assembled genomes, there have been few pan-metagenomic association studies and in-depth functional analyses across different geographies and diseases. Here, we explored 6014 human gut metagenome samples across 19 countries and 23 diseases by performing compositional, functional cluster, and integrative analyses.

Investigations of microbiota composition and neuroactive pathways in association with symptoms of stress and depression in a cohort of healthy women.

Background: Despite mounting evidence of gut-brain involvement in psychiatric conditions, functional data remain limited, and analyses of other microbial niches, such as the vaginal microbiota, are lacking in relation to mental health. This aim of this study was to investigate if the connections between the gut microbiome and mental health observed in populations with a clinical diagnosis of mental illness extend to healthy women experiencing stress and depressive symptoms. Additionally, this study examined the functional pathways of the gut microbiota according to the levels of psychological symptoms.

Maintenance proton pump inhibitor use and risk of colorectal cancer: a Swedish retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRA) associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in a large nationwide cohort.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: This research was conducted at the national level, encompassing the entire population of Sweden.

Antibiotic or gastric acid inhibitor use during pregnancy and postpartum depression: Population-based cohort study.

Introduction: Postpartum depression is one of the most common non-obstetric postnatal complications. As the microbiome (and gut-brain axis) as well as inflammation may be involved in the mechanism, we aimed to assess if antibiotic or gastric acid inhibition use during pregnancy affects the risk of postpartum depression (clinical diagnosis and/or antidepressant use up to 1 year after childbirth).

Material And Methods: This population-based cohort study used first singleton pregnancy resulting in a live birth in Sweden from 2006 to 2016.

The protective role of commensal gut microbes and their metabolites against bacterial pathogens.

Multidrug-resistant microorganisms have become a major public health concern around the world. The gut microbiome is a gold mine for bioactive compounds that protect the human body from pathogens. We used a multi-omics approach that integrated whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 74 commensal gut microbiome isolates with metabolome analysis to discover their metabolic interaction with and other antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

Compositional and functional differences of the vaginal microbiota of women with and without cervical dysplasia.

Alterations in the vaginal microbiota, including both species composition and functional pathways, have been associated with HPV infection and progression of dysplasia to cervical cancer. To further explore this, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to taxonomically and functionally characterize the vaginal microbiota of women with and without cervical dysplasia. Women with histologically verified dysplasia (n = 177; low grade dysplasia (LSIL) n = 81, high-grade dysplasia (HSIL) n = 94, cancer n = 2) were compared with healthy controls recruited from the cervical screening programme (n = 177).

Clostridioides difficile infection, recurrence and the associated healthcare consumption in Sweden between 2006 and 2019: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) causes a major burden to individuals and society, yet the impact may vary depending on age, sex, underlying comorbidities and where CDI was acquired (hospital or community).

Methods: This Swedish nationwide population-based cohort study (2006-2019) compared all 43,150 individuals with CDI to their 355,172 matched controls (first year and entire follow-up). Negative binomial regression models compared the cumulated length of stay, number of in-hospital admissions, outpatient visits and prescriptions after the first CDI episode expressed as incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals for the entire follow-up.

Plasma bile acids in association with Crohn's disease.

Background: In addition to facilitating lipid digestions, bile acids (BA) are signalling molecules acting on receptors on immune cells and along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The aim of this study was to assess if altered bile acid profiles in plasma are associated with Crohn's disease (CD).

Method: This cross-sectional study included individuals (aged ≥18 years) referred for colonoscopy at a tertiary centre in Stockholm between 2016 and 2019.

Clostridioides difficile recurrence in individuals with and without cancer: a Swedish population-based cohort study.

Purpose: Patients with cancer are vulnerable to Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) due to their disease, treatment and regular hospital contact, yet if CDI-recurrence is more common remains unclear, and differences among cancer types remain unexplored.

Methods: This Swedish nationwide population-based cohort included all 43,150 individuals with recorded CDI (2006-2019) to assess CDI-recurrence in individuals with and without cancer, with binary multivariable logistic regression, stratified by anatomical location, and survival status.

Results: Compared to those without cancer (N = 29,543), ongoing cancer (diagnosis < 12 months; N = 3,882) was associated with reduced recurrence (OR = 0.

The combined effect of systemic antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors on Clostridioides difficile infection and recurrence.

Background: Antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are recognized risk factors for acquisition and recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), yet combined effects remain unclear.

Objectives: To assess the short- and long-term effects of antibiotics and PPIs on CDI risk and recurrence.

Methods: Population-based study including all 43 152 patients diagnosed with CDI in Sweden (2006-2019), and 355 172 matched population controls without CDI.

Precision microbial intervention improves social behavior but not autism severity: A pilot double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by the presence of restricted/repetitive behaviors and social communication deficits. Because effective treatments for ASD remain elusive, novel therapeutic strategies are necessary. Preclinical studies show that L.

Safety and tolerability of frozen, capsulized autologous faecal microbiota transplantation. A randomized double blinded phase I clinical trial.

Background: Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is recommended treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and is studied as a potential modifier of other gastrointestinal and systemic disorders. Autologous FMT limits the potential risks of donor transplant material and enables prophylactic treatment. Capsulized FMT is convenient and accessible, but safety data are lacking.

Clostridioides difficile infection-associated cause-specific and all-cause mortality: a population-based cohort study.

Objectives: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a common healthcare-associated infection and leading cause of gastroenteritis-related mortality worldwide. However, data on CDI-associated mortality are scarce. We aimed to examine the association between CDI and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.