Publications by authors named "Lars Ellegard"

Background: Low-quality, non-diverse diet is a main risk factor for premature death. Accurate measurement of habitual diet is challenging and there is a need for validated objective methods. Blood metabolite patterns reflect direct or enzymatically diet-induced metabolites.

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We need energy intake to provide energy and nutrients to our cells. The amount of daily energy intake should aim for energy balance, which results in good health. Under- or overconsumption of total daily energy over a longer period leads to increased risk of diseases.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to assess the incidence and severity of COVID-19 among patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for chronic intestinal failure over a year-long observation period from March 2020 to March 2021.
  • Out of 4680 patients from 68 centers across 23 countries, the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 infection was 9.6%, with 55.1% of patients providing COVID-related data, revealing varying rates of infection severity.
  • Results indicated a higher incidence and severity of infection among deceased patients, and significant proportions of the cohort were unvaccinated or had unknown vaccination statuses; 42.8% of deaths in infected individuals were attributed to COVID-19.
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Assessment of dietary intake is challenging. Traditional methods suffer from both random and systematic errors; thus objective measures are important complements in monitoring dietary exposure. The study presented here aims to identify serum metabolites associated with reported food intake and to explore whether combinations of metabolites may improve predictive models.

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Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) increases the risk of impaired bone health, low areal bone mineral density (aBMD), and subsequent fractures. This prospective study investigated the long-term effects of bone and mineral metabolism on bone and biomarkers in 22 women with AN.

Materials And Methods: Body composition and aBMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

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Article Synopsis
  • A study was conducted using the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism database to analyze factors affecting nutritional status and intravenous supplementation dependency in children with chronic intestinal failure (CIF).
  • The analysis included 558 children, revealing that short bowel syndrome (SBS) was the most common cause of CIF in younger age groups, while dysmotility or mucosal disease became more prevalent as they approached adulthood.
  • About one-third of the children were underweight or stunted and had high dependency on intravenous supplementation, suggesting that this dependency may serve as a marker for the severity of CIF in pediatric patients.
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Background And Aims: The case-mix of patients with intestinal failure due to short bowel syndrome (SBS-IF) can differ among centres and may also be affected by the timeframe of data collection. Therefore, the ESPEN international multicenter cross-sectional survey was analyzed to compare the characteristics of SBS-IF cohorts collected within the same timeframe in different countries.

Methods: The study included 1880 adult SBS-IF patients collected in 2015 by 65 centres from 22 countries.

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Background & Aims: Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) restrict their dietary intake leading to malnutrition. Information is scarce on nutrition status during recovery. The aim of the study was to investigate dietary intake, body composition, biochemistry, and status in young women three years after hospital treatment due to severe restrictive AN.

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The objective was to investigate which predictive equations provide the best estimates of resting energy expenditure (REE) in postpartum women with overweight and obesity. Lactating women with overweight or obesity underwent REE measurement by indirect calorimetry, and fat-free mass (FFM) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at three postpartum stages. Predictive equations based on body weight and FFM were obtained from the literature.

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Background: Increasing interest in diets excluding meat and other products of animal origin emphasizes the importance of objective and reliable methods to measure dietary exposure, to evaluate associations and causation between diet and health, and to quantify nutrient intakes in different diets.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate if NMR analysis of urine samples can serve as an objective method to discriminate vegan, vegetarian with or without fish, and omnivore diets. A secondary aim was to assess the influence of dietary nutrient intake on the metabolomics results.

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The Pregnancy Obesity Nutrition and Child Health study is a longitudinal study of reproductive health. Here we analyzed body composition of normal-weight and obese Swedish women by three methods during each trimester of pregnancy. Cross-sectional and longitudinal fat mass estimates using quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (Tanita MC-180MA-III) were compared with fat mass determined by air displacement plethysmography (ADP) in pregnancy weeks 8-12, 24-26, and 35-37 in normal-weight women (n = 122, BMI = 22.

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Background And Aim: No marker to categorise the severity of chronic intestinal failure (CIF) has been developed. A 1-year international survey was carried out to investigate whether the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism clinical classification of CIF, based on the type and volume of the intravenous supplementation (IVS), could be an indicator of CIF severity.

Methods: At baseline, participating home parenteral nutrition (HPN) centres enrolled all adults with ongoing CIF due to non-malignant disease; demographic data, body mass index, CIF mechanism, underlying disease, HPN duration and IVS category were recorded for each patient.

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Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective obesity treatment in adults and has become established in adolescents. Lower adherence to supplementation in adolescents confers a risk for long-term nutritional deficiencies.

Objectives: To assess adherence to supplementation, micronutrient intake, and biochemistry in adolescents through 5 years after RYGB.

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Background: Objective and reliable methods to measure dietary exposure and prove associations and causation between diet and health are desirable.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis of serum samples may be used as an objective method to discriminate vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore diets. Specifically, the aim was to identify a metabolite pattern that separated meat-eaters from non-meat-eaters and vegans from nonvegans.

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Background & Aims: The safety and effectiveness of a home parenteral nutrition (HPN) program depends both on the expertise and the management approach of the HPN center. We aimed to evaluate both the approaches of different international HPN-centers in their provision of HPN and the types of intravenous supplementation (IVS)-admixtures prescribed to patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF).

Methods: In March 2015, 65 centers from 22 countries enrolled 3239 patients (benign disease 90.

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Background: Metabolomics represents a powerful tool for exploring modulation of the human metabolome in response to food intake. However, the choice of multivariate statistical approach is not always evident, especially for complex experimental designs with repeated measurements per individual. Here we have investigated the serum metabolic responses to two breakfast meals: an egg and ham based breakfast and a cereal based breakfast using three different multivariate approaches based on the Projections to Latent Structures framework.

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Background: Dietary risks contribute heavily to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), being more important than hypertension, obesity, or smoking. To measure dietary exposure remains a challenge in nutrition research.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that isotope ratios of N and C in human hair could distinguish between subjects adhering to different habitual diets.

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Background: Information is scarce on long-term changes in energy intake (EI), dietary energy density (DED), and body composition in adolescents undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Objectives: To investigate long-term changes in EI, DED, and body composition in adolescents after LRYGB.

Setting: University hospitals, multicenter study, Sweden.

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Metabolomics provide an unbiased tool for exploring the modulation of the human metabolome in response to food intake. This study applied metabolomics to capture the postprandial metabolic response to breakfast meals corresponding to vegan (VE), lacto ovo-vegetarian (LOV), and omnivore (OM) diets. In a cross over design 32 healthy volunteers (16 men and 16 females) consumed breakfast meals in a randomized order during three consecutive days.

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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects 0.5-1.0% of the population, and where many patients in spite of modern pharmacological treatment fail to reach remission.

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Background & Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the applicability of the ESPEN 16-category clinical classification of chronic intestinal failure, based on patients' intravenous supplementation (IVS) requirements for energy and fluids, and to evaluate factors associated with those requirements.

Methods: ESPEN members were invited to participate through ESPEN Council representatives. Participating centers enrolled adult patients requiring home parenteral nutrition for chronic intestinal failure on March 1st 2015.

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It is challenging to measure dietary exposure with techniques that are both accurate and applicable to free-living individuals. We performed a cross-over intervention, with 24 healthy individuals, to capture the acute metabolic response of a cereal breakfast (CB) and an egg and ham breakfast (EHB). Fasting and postprandial urine samples were analyzed using H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis.

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