Using BCG Vaccine to Enhance Nonspecific Protection of Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine can induce nonspecific protection against unrelated infections. We aimed to test the effect of BCG on absenteeism and health of Danish health care workers (HCWs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial included 1221 HCWs from 9 Danish hospitals.

Travel demographics, patterns, and plans among adult Nordic travelers.

Background: Despite the high frequency of international travel from Nordic countries annually, data describing demographics, patterns, and plans of travel among Nordic inhabitants are scarce.

Methods: In 2018, an online questionnaire covering travel patterns, plans, and knowledge about travel-related diseases was sent to Nordic inhabitants 18-74 years of age. At-risk travelers were defined as those who had traveled outside Europe and North America during the previous 2 years.

The SMOOTH-Robot: A Modular, Interactive Service Robot.

The SMOOTH-robot is a mobile robot that-due to its modularity-combines a relatively low price with the possibility to be used for a large variety of tasks in a wide range of domains. In this article, we demonstrate the potential of the SMOOTH-robot through three use cases, two of which were performed in elderly care homes. The robot is designed so that it can either make itself ready or be quickly changed by staff to perform different tasks.

Efficacy of the TMPRSS2 inhibitor camostat mesilate in patients hospitalized with Covid-19-a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: The trans-membrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is essential for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cell entry and infection. Efficacy and safety of TMPRSS2 inhibitors in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have not been evaluated in randomized trials.

Methods: We conducted an investigator-initiated, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial in patients hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from April 4, to December 31, 2020.

The efficacy of midline catheters-a prospective, randomized, active-controlled study.

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate whether an intravenous (IV) strategy based on new-generation midline catheters is an efficacious alternative to a conventional IV strategy consisting of peripheral venous catheters and central venous catheters, for patients needing IV therapy exceeding 5 days.

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Patients requiring more than 5 days of IV treatment were randomized to either a midline catheter-based IV strategy or a conventional strategy.

Using BCG vaccine to enhance non-specific protection of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in Denmark.

Objectives: The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis is associated with non- specific protective effects against other infections, and significant reductions in all-cause morbidity and mortality have been reported. We aim to test whether BCG vaccination may reduce susceptibility to and/or the severity of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in health care workers (HCW) and thus prevent work absenteeism.The primary objective is to reduce absenteeism due to illness among HCW during the COVID-19 pandemic.

[Spondylodiscitis caused by Brucella melitensis after consumption of unpasteurised camel milk].

This is a case report of a 76-year-old man with spondylodiscitis caused by Brucella melitensis. He was admitted to hospital due to backpain, weight loss and elevated C-reactive protein level. MRI showed signs of multifocal spondylodiscitis, and blood cultures yielded B.

Prospective evaluation of the performances of narrow-band imaging flexible videoscopy relative to white-light imaging flexible videoscopy, in patients scheduled for transurethral resection of a primary NMIBC.

Purpose: To evaluate on a lesion-by-lesion basis Narrow-Band Imaging flexible videoscopy (NBI-FV) in the detection of cancer compared to White-Light Imaging flexible videoscopy (WLI-FV).

Methods: WLI-FV and NBI-FV were sequentially performed in patients scheduled for TURBT for primary bladder cancer. Suspicious findings were individually harvested and characterized under WLI-FV (suspicious/non-suspicious) and NBI-FV (5-point Likert scale) and pathology.

Infective endocarditis in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis: A 21-year observational cohort study in Denmark.

Background: Chronic hemodialysis is a risk factor for invasive bacterial infections. We conducted a nationwide study of risk and mortality of infective endocarditis (IE) among patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis.

Methods: In this observational cohort study, patients with end-stage renal disease who initiated hemodialysis in Denmark during 1990 to 2010 were matched on age, gender, and municipality with up to 19 population controls.

Incidence and mortality of herpes simplex encephalitis in Denmark: A nationwide registry-based cohort study.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the incidence and mortality of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) in a nationwide cohort.

Methods: From the Danish National Patient Registry, we identified all adults hospitalised with a first-time diagnosis of HSE in Denmark during 2004-2014. The HSE diagnoses were verified using medical records and microbiological data.

Validity of the coding for herpes simplex encephalitis in the Danish National Patient Registry.

Background: Large health care databases are a valuable source of infectious disease epidemiology if diagnoses are valid. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the recorded diagnosis coding of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) in the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR).

Methods: The DNPR was used to identify all hospitalized patients, aged ≥15 years, with a first-time diagnosis of HSE according to the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10), from 2004 to 2014.

Risk and outcome of pyelonephritis among renal transplant recipients.

Background: Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious disease requiring hospitalisation following renal transplantation. However, the risk and outcome of post-transplant pyelonephritis remains unclear.

Methods: This population-based cohort study was conducted from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2009.

Risk and Prognosis of Bacteremia and Fungemia Among Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Unlabelled: ♦ BACKGROUND: The incidence of bacteremia and fungemia (BAF) is largely unknown in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients initiating peritoneal dialysis (PD). ♦ OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to estimate and compare incidence rates of first episodes of BAF in incident PD patients and a comparison cohort. A secondary objective was to compare causative agents and 30-day post-BAF mortality between PD patients and the comparison cohort.

[Ectopic epipidymis can be misinterpreted as an inguinal hernia].

Inguinal hernia is a common condition. In rare cases, an ectopic placed organ can be misinterpreted as an inguinal hernia. We present a case of an 18-year-old male who had an inguinal herniotomy, but instead of a hernia an ectopic placed epididymis was found.

Comparison of minipig, dog, monkey and human drug metabolism and disposition.

Introduction: This article gives an overview of the drug metabolism and disposition (ADME) characteristics of the most common non-rodent species used in toxicity testing of drugs (minipigs, dogs, and monkeys) and compares these to human characteristics with regard to enzymes mediating the metabolism of drugs and the transport proteins which contribute to the absorption, distribution and excretion of drugs.

Methods: Literature on ADME and regulatory guidelines of relevance in drug development of small molecules has been gathered.

Results: Non-human primates (monkeys) are the species that is closest to humans in terms of genetic homology.

Testing for hepatitis B virus and HIV in patients with chronic hepatitis C: screening performance and outcome.

Background: Patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk for progression of liver disease. The aim of this study was to assess HBV and HIV screening performance and outcome in HCV patients followed at a Danish university hospital and affiliated regional outpatient clinics.

Methods: HBV and HIV serology data were extracted from a quality assurance database for the assessment of screening performance in patients diagnosed with chronic HCV infection during the period 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2011.

Identification of the cytochrome P450 and other enzymes involved in the in vitro oxidative metabolism of a novel antidepressant, Lu AA21004.

1-[2-(2,4-Dimethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-phenyl]-piperazine (Lu AA21004) is a novel antidepressant that is currently in late-stage clinical development for major depressive disorder. In the present study, the metabolism of Lu AA21004 was investigated using human liver microsomes (HLM), human liver S9 fraction, and recombinant enzymes. Lu AA21004 was found in vitro to be oxidized to a 4-hydroxy-phenyl metabolite, a sulfoxide, an N-hydroxylated piperazine, and a benzylic alcohol, which was further oxidized to the corresponding benzoic acid [3-methyl-4-(2-piperazin-1-yl-phenysulfanyl)-benzoic acid (Lu AA34443)].

Use of InfCare HIV to identify and characterize suboptimally treated HIV patients at a Danish HIV clinic: a cross-sectional cohort study.

Background: The software program InfCare HIV is a combined clinical decision support tool and database. This study investigated the usefulness of InfCare HIV for identifying and characterizing suboptimally treated HIV-infected patients at a Danish HIV clinic.

Methods: This cross-sectional cohort study included data on all HIV-infected patients treated at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark on a specific date.

Biosynthesis and identification of an N-oxide/N-glucuronide metabolite and first synthesis of an N-O-glucuronide metabolite of Lu AA21004.

This article describes the biosynthesis and identification of a new class of metabolites, a piperazine N-oxide/N-glucuronide metabolite 4-[2-(2,4-dimethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-phenyl]-1-β-D-glucuronic acid-piperazine 1-oxide (4). The metabolite was found in urine and plasma from humans and animals dosed with 1-[2-(2,4-dimethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-phenyl]-piperazine hydrobromide (Lu AA21004, 1), as a novel multimodal antidepressant under development for treatment of depression. Human liver microsomes in combination with uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid were used as an in vitro system to generate enough material of 4 to perform one- and two-dimensional (1)H and (13)C NMR experiments for structure elucidation.

[Nosocomial infections--ecological niches].

Knowledge of ecological niches of nosocomial pathogens is used in treatment and prevention of nosocomial infections. This article offers an analysis of the ecological niches of three important nosocomial pathogens: Clostridium difficile, Staphylococcus aureus and Legionella pneumophila. Relevant terms are explained and examples of deliberate and non-deliberate manipulation of the niches and the following consequences are given.