No association between long-chain n-3 fatty acid intake during pregnancy and risk of type 1 diabetes in offspring in two large Scandinavian pregnancy cohorts.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to investigate whether higher dietary intake of marine n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of type 1 diabetes in children.

Methods: The Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) and the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) together include 153,843 mother-child pairs with prospectively collected data on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake during pregnancy from validated food frequency questionnaires. Type 1 diabetes diagnosis in children (n=634) was ascertained from national diabetes registries.

Genotypes predisposing for celiac disease and autoimmune diabetes and risk of infections in early childhood.

Objectives: Infections in early childhood have been associated with risk of celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated whether this is driven by susceptibility genes for autoimmune disease by comparing infection frequency by genetic susceptibility variants for CD or T1D.

Methods: We genotyped 373 controls and 384 children who developed CD or T1D in the population-based Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study (MoBa) study for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ, FUT2, SH2B3, and PTPN22, and calculated a weighted non-HLA genetic risk score (GRS) for CD and T1D based on over 40 SNPs.

Parental education and occupation in relation to childhood type 1 diabetes: nationwide cohort study.

Unlabelled: BackgroundSocioeconomic status in the risk of developing type 1 diabetes seems inconsistent. We investigated whether risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes differed by parental education or occupation in a nationwide cohort.

Methods: This cohort study included all children born in Norway from 1974 to 2013.

Is socio-economic status associated with risk of childhood type 1 diabetes? Literature review.

Aims: Studies of social inequality and risk of developing type 1 diabetes are inconsistent. The present review aimed to comprehensively review relevant literature and describe what has been reported on socio-economic status or parental occupation and risk of type 1 diabetes in children.

Methods: We searched for publications between 1 January 1970 and 30 November 2021.

Maternal antibiotic use and infections during pregnancy and offspring asthma: the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study and a nationwide register cohort.

Maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy has been linked to asthma risk in children, but the role of underlying infections remains unclear. We investigated the association of maternal antibiotic use and infections during pregnancy with offspring risk of asthma. We used two population-based cohorts: the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) (n = 53 417) and a register-based cohort (n = 417 548).

Nine-fold higher risk of acute myocardial infarction in subjects with type 1 diabetes compared to controls in Norway 1973-2017.

Background: We aimed to study the cumulative incidence and risk factors (sex, age, calendar year of diabetes onset, country of origin and educational level) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in subjects with type 1 diabetes and matched controls.

Methods: A nationwide cohort of subjects with type 1 diabetes diagnosed at age < 15 years in Norway during 1973-2000 was followed until the first AMI event, emigration, death or 31st of December 2017. The Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry was linked to five nationwide registries, and up to ten sex- and age-matched controls per case were included.

End-stage renal disease: incidence and prediction by coronary heart disease, and educational level. Follow-up from diagnosis of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes throughout Norway 1973-2017.

Purpose: To investigate incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and the association of education and coronary heart disease (CHD) with ESRD, in subjects throughout Norway followed from the diagnosis of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes.

Methods: All new onset cases of type 1 diabetes 1973-2016 were followed for CHD and ESRD in nation-wide registries through 2017. Ten matched controls per case were selected from the National Population Register.

Undiagnosed diabetes: Prevalence and cardiovascular risk profile in a population-based study of 52,856 individuals. The HUNT Study, Norway.

Aims: We investigated the current extent of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes and their associated cardiovascular risk profile in a population-based study.

Methods: All residents aged ≥20 years in the Nord-Trøndelag region, Norway, were invited to the HUNT4 Survey in 2017-2019, and 54% attended. Diagnosed diabetes was self-reported, and in those reporting no diabetes HbA1c was used to classify undiagnosed diabetes (≥48 mmol/mol [6.

Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in mid-pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.

Background: Maternal diabetes is a well-known risk factor for pregnancy complications. Possible links between long-term maternal blood sugar in the normal range and pregnancy complications are less well described.

Methods: We assayed glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in blood samples collected around the 18th week of pregnancy for 2937 singleton pregnancies in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (2000-09).

Undiagnosed diabetes based on HbA by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption in the Tromsø Study 1994-2016.

Introduction: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes varies by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption, in a Norwegian population screened with glycated hemoglobin (HbA).

Research Design And Methods: In this cohort study, we studied age-standardized diabetes prevalence using data from men and women aged 40-89 years participating in four surveys of the Tromsø Study with available data on HbA and self-reported diabetes: 1994-1995 (n=6720), 2001 (n=5831), 2007-2008 (n=11 987), and 2015-2016 (n=20 170). We defined undiagnosed diabetes as HbA ≥6.

Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes at Birth: Cord Blood Metabolites vs Genetic Risk Score in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort.

Background And Aim: Genetic markers are established as predictive of type 1 diabetes, but unknown early life environment is believed to be involved. Umbilical cord blood may reflect perinatal metabolism and exposures. We studied whether selected polar metabolites in cord blood contribute to prediction of type 1 diabetes.

Parechovirus Infection in Early Childhood and Association With Subsequent Celiac Disease.

Introduction: To test whether parechovirus and anellovirus, frequent enteric viruses, were associated with subsequent celiac disease (CD). We hypothesized that children who later developed CD would have increased frequency of parechovirus infections before transglutaminase 2 (TG2) antibody development. Anellovirus testing was exploratory, as a potential marker of immune status.

Serum Galectin-3 and Subsequent Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Subjects With Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Cohort Study.

Objective: To study whether serum galectin-3 and other biomarkers of inflammation predict coronary heart disease (CHD) in subjects with long-standing childhood-onset type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: A population-based nationwide cohort of 299 subjects with type 1 diabetes diagnosed in Norway at <15 years of age during 1973-1982 was examined in 2002-2003 at a mean age of 33 years (range 21-44), with mean diabetes duration of 24 years (range 19-30). Subjects were followed through 31 December 2017 for their first CHD event registered by a hospitalization or cause of death using nationwide registries.

Review article: exposure to microbes and risk of coeliac disease.

Background: Coeliac disease is an immune-mediated intestinal disease characterised by lifelong intolerance to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Microbial factors including infections or bacterial microbiota have long been suspected to be involved in the aetiology, but the scientific literature on the topic is scattered and heterogeneous.

Aims: To review human observational studies on microbes and coeliac disease METHODS: We identified 135 publications judged relevant.

Childhood growth prior to screen-detected celiac disease: prospective follow-up of an at-risk birth cohort.

Objectives: To determine the association between childhood growth prior to the development of celiac disease (CD) and CD autoimmunity (CDA) identified by periodic serological screening.

Study Design: The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young cohort includes 1979 genetically at-risk children from Denver, Colorado, with annual growth measurements from age nine months until ten years. Between 1993 and February 2019, 120 children developed CDA defined by persistent positive tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGA); among these, 71 met our criteria for CD based on histopathological findings or high TGA levels.