Study of the Association Between Diets Containing Nuts and Seeds and the Degree of Abdominal Aortic Calcification.

: The association between nuts and seeds (nuts/seeds) consumption and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been studied rarely, if at all. However, AAC is a good marker of CVD risk and premature mortality. Consequently, the present observational study was conducted.

Telomere Length and Biological Aging: The Role of Strength Training in 4814 US Men and Women.

Telomere length is an index of cellular aging. Healthy lifestyles are associated with reduced oxidative stress and longer telomeres, whereas unhealthy behaviors are related to shorter telomeres and greater biological aging. This investigation was designed to determine if strength training accounted for differences in telomere length in a random sample of 4814 US adults.

The Effects of a High-Carbohydrate versus a High-Fat Shake on Biomarkers of Metabolism and Glycemic Control When Used to Interrupt a 38-h Fast: A Randomized Crossover Study.

This study aimed to determine the impact of various fast-interrupting shakes on markers of glycemic control including glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, and GIP. Twenty-seven sedentary adults (twelve female, fifteen male) with overweight or obesity completed this study. One condition consisted of a 38-h water-only fast, and the other two conditions repeated this, but the fasts were interrupted at 24 h by either a high carbohydrate/low fat (HC/LF) shake or an isovolumetric and isocaloric low carbohydrate/high fat (LC/HF) shake.

Time Spent Jogging/Running and Biological Aging in 4458 U.S. Adults: An NHANES Investigation.

Telomere length is a good index of cellular aging. Longer telomeres are predictive of longer life, and healthy lifestyles are associated with longer telomeres. This study explored the relationship between time spent jogging or running each week and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in 4458 randomly selected U.

Weight Change over Ten Years Predicts Biological Aging in a Random Sample of 3070 U.S. Adults.

This investigation was designed to study the relationship between weight change over 10 years and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in a large sample of 3070 randomly selected U.S. adults, 36-70 years old.

Relationship between Sitting Time and Insulin Resistance in 6931 U.S. Adults: The Mediating Role of Abdominal Adiposity.

This cross-sectional investigation examined the relationship between sitting time and insulin resistance in 6931 U.S. adults.

The Effects of Exercise on Appetite-Regulating Hormone Concentrations over a 36-h Fast in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study.

Hunger and satiety are controlled by several physiological mechanisms, including pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones. While the influence of exercise and fasting have been described individually, in relation to these hormones, there is a paucity of work showing the effects of the two modalities (fasting and exercise) combined. Twenty healthy adults (11 males, 9 females) completed both conditions of this study, each consisting of a 36-h water-only fast.

Legume Intake, Body Weight, and Abdominal Adiposity: 10-Year Weight Change and Cross-Sectional Results in 15,185 U.S. Adults.

There were three objectives: (1) evaluate the relationship between legume intake and weight change across the previous 10 years, (2) examine the cross-sectional associations between legume consumption, BMI, and abdominal adiposity, and (3) determine if the relationship between legume intake and the outcomes were influenced by multiple covariates, particularly fiber intake. The sample included 15,185 randomly selected adults representative of the U.S.

Insulin Resistance and Biological Aging: The Role of Body Mass, Waist Circumference, and Inflammation.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the association between insulin resistance and biological aging in a randomly selected sample of 2,596 U.S. women and men.

10-Year Weight Gain in 13,802 US Adults: The Role of Age, Sex, and Race.

Purpose: The primary objective of the present investigation was to identify 10-year weight gain patterns in 13,802 US adults and also to determine the extent that differences in 10-year weight gains were associated with the key demographic variables: age, sex, and race.

Methods: The study design was cross-sectional and included the years 2011-2018. Data for 2019-2020 were not available because of COVID.

Serum, Dietary, and Supplemental Vitamin D Levels and Insulin Resistance in 6294 Randomly Selected, Non-Diabetic U.S. Adults.

The primary aim of this study was to determine the associations between serum, dietary, and supplemental vitamin D levels and insulin resistance in 6294 non-diabetic U.S. adults.

The effects of daily step goals of 10,000, 12,500, and 15,000 steps per day on neural activity to food cues: A 24-week dose-response randomized trial.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different levels of sustained physical activity on neural reflections of attention allocated toward food cues in first year college women.

Methods: Seventy-nine first-year college women (18.6 ± 0.

Macronutrient Intake and Insulin Resistance in 5665 Randomly Selected, Non-Diabetic U.S. Adults.

The main goal of this investigation was to evaluate the relationships between several macronutrients and insulin resistance in 5665 non-diabetic U.S. adults.

Milk-Fat Intake and Differences in Abdominal Adiposity and BMI: Evidence Based on 13,544 Randomly-Selected Adults.

The primary purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the relationship between milk-fat intake and obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, in 13,544 U.S. adults.

Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Telomere Length in a Random Sample of 5448 U.S. Adults.

The relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and telomere length was examined using a cross-sectional design and an NHANES random sample of 5448 U.S. adults.

The Effects of Exercise on β-Hydroxybutyrate Concentrations over a 36-h Fast: A Randomized Crossover Study.

Purpose: This study assessed β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration during a short-term fast and the degree to which an initial bout of exercise influences the rate of ketogenesis.

Methods: Twenty subjects (11 male, 9 female) completed two 36-h fasts, with one protocol requiring the subject to complete a treadmill exercise session at the beginning of the fast. BHB levels were assessed via portable meter every 2 h, along with mood and hunger ratings.

Physical Activity and Insulin Resistance in 6,500 NHANES Adults: The Role of Abdominal Obesity.

This cross-sectional investigation studied differences in insulin resistance across levels of physical activity in 6,500 US adults who were randomly selected as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Another important objective was to determine the influence of abdominal obesity on the physical activity and insulin resistance relationship. MET-minutes were utilized to quantify total activity based on participation in 48 different physical activities.

To play or not to play? The relationship between active video game play and electrophysiological indices of food-related inhibitory control in adolescents.

Sedentary behaviors, such as computer use and sedentary video games, are barriers to physical activity, contribute to overweight and obesity among adolescents, and can adversely affect eating behaviors. Active video games may increase daily physical activity levels among adolescents and improve food-related inhibitory control. We compared the effects of acute bouts of active and sedentary video gaming on event-related potential (ERP) indices of food-related inhibitory control, energy expenditure, and ad libitum eating.

Evaluating Relationships Between Sleep and Next-Day Physical Activity in Young Women.

Background: To evaluate the relationship between sleep and next-day physical activity (PA) under free-living conditions in women.

Methods: Sleep and PA were measured objectively for 7 consecutive days by accelerometry in 330 young adult women (aged 17-25 y). A structural equation model was used to evaluate the relationship between the driving factor of sleep (total sleep or morning wake time) and the amount of nonsleep sedentary (SED) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) each day.

Limited Agreement between Classifications of Diabetes and Prediabetes Resulting from the OGTT, Hemoglobin A1c, and Fasting Glucose Tests in 7412 U.S. Adults.

This investigation was designed to determine the degree of concordance resulting from tests of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (A1c) compared to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for detecting prediabetes and diabetes in undiagnosed adults. Another objective was to measure concordance within subsamples of women and men, and within three age groups. Lastly, the value of combining the FPG and A1c for detecting diabetes was compared to the OGTT.

Bean Consumption Accounts for Differences in Body Fat and Waist Circumference: A Cross-Sectional Study of 246 Women.

Beans and other legumes have multiple nutritional qualities that reduce the risk of many diseases. However, the link between legume intake and obesity remains unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the association between bean intake, body fat percentage (BF%), and waist circumference, in 246 women.

Strength Training and Insulin Resistance: The Mediating Role of Body Composition.

The main objective of the present study was to assess the association between participation in strength training and insulin resistance. Another goal was to assess the influence of several potential confounding variables on the strength training and insulin resistance relationship. Lastly, the influence of waist circumference, fat-free mass (kg), body fat percentage, and the fat-free mass index on the association between strength training and insulin resistance was assessed.

Walking and biologic ageing: Evidence based on NHANES telomere data.

The length of telomeres is an objective measure of biologic ageing. This study evaluated the extent minutes of walking per week are associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in a random sample of 5,823 U.S.

Acute after-school screen time in children decreases impulse control and activation toward high-calorie food stimuli in brain regions related to reward and attention.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of after-school sedentary screen time on children's brain activation in reward and cognitive control regions in response to pictures of high- and low-calorie foods. Thirty-two children participated in a randomized crossover study with counterbalanced treatment conditions. Conditions took place on separate days after school and included three hours of active or sedentary play.

The Impact of Step Recommendations on Body Composition and Physical Activity Patterns in College Freshman Women: A Randomized Trial.

Purpose: Transitioning from high school to college generally results in reduced physical activity and weight gain at a rate that is higher than the general population. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of three progressively higher step recommendations over 24 weeks on changes in body weight and body composition.

Methods: Ninety-two freshmen college women wore a multifunction pedometer for 24 weeks after being randomly assigned to a daily step level: 10,000, 12,500, or 15,000.