Certification by the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Residency to Retirement.

The American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (ABOMS) has been serving the specialty since 1946. The ABOMS frequently reviews its strategic plan, mission, and vision. The board administers 4 examinations (the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery In-service Training Examination, the Qualifying Examination, the Oral Certifying Examination, and Certificates of Added Qualifications in Head and Neck Oncologic and Reconstructive Surgery and Pediatric Craniomaxillofacial Surgery) and also oversees the Certification Maintenance process for diplomates.

Maxillofacial Trauma Patterns in Bare-Knuckle Fighting.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze patterns and trends of maxillofacial injuries in bare-knuckle fighting. Results comparisons with other combat sports are provided in the Discussion section.

Materials And Methods: The study design is a retrospective cohort study.

Dental Trauma and Alveolar Fractures.

A dentoalveolar fracture requires thorough clinical and radiographic examination for an accurate diagnosis to guide appropriate treatment. Dentoalveolar fractures can be classified into the following 4 groups: (1) crown/root fractures, (2) luxation/displacement of teeth, (3) avulsion, and (4) alveolar fractures. Treatment can be divided into nonrigid fixation (splinting with wires and composite) and/or rigid fixation (Erich arch bars, Risdon cable wires) depending on the extent of dentoalveolar fractures.

Historical evolution of surgical approaches to the face-part II: midface.

Surgical approaches to the head and maxillofacial area have been described and modified by multiple authors throughout history. It was during nineteenth and twentieth century when most of the techniques evolved due to advances in anesthesia and antibiotic therapy. Currently, a myriad of surgical approaches are employed to gain access to the maxillofacial complex, with each of them having advantages and disadvantages.

Historical evolution of surgical approaches to the face-part I: head and upper face.

Surgical approaches to the head and maxillofacial area have been described and modified by many authors throughout history. It was, however, during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries due in large part to improvements in the delivery of anesthesia and antibiotic therapy when most of the techniques were described. Currently, a myriad of surgical techniques are employed to access the maxillofacial complex with advantages and disadvantages for each one.

Third molar surgery: Past, present, and the future.

Third molar surgery is the most common ambulatory procedure done by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Surgical approaches for the removal of third molars have been published since the 20th century. This article reviews the history and development of extraction techniques through a literature review.

Historical evolution of surgical approaches to the face-part III: lower face.

Surgical approaches to the head and maxillofacial area have been described and modified by many authors throughout history. It was, however, during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries when most of the techniques were described, mainly thanks to the advent of anesthesia and antibiotic therapy. Currently, a myriad of surgical techniques are employed to access the maxillofacial complex, with each of them having advantages and disadvantages.

Oculocardiac reflex in an adult with a trapdoor orbital floor fracture: case report, literature review, and differential diagnosis.

Orbital floor blowout fractures can result in a variety of signs and symptoms depending on the severity of the bone defect. Large defects often result in enophthalmos and restriction of ocular movement; yet the timing of surgery can be delayed up to two weeks with good functional outcomes. In contrast, an orbital trapdoor defect with entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle usually elicits pain with marked restriction of the upward gaze and activation of the oculocardiac reflex without significant dystopia or enophthalmos.

Biodegradable polymerized simvastatin stimulates bone formation.

Previous research from our labs demonstrated the synthesis of polymerized simvastatin by ring-opening polymerization and slow degradation with controlled release of simvastatin in vitro. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the degradation and intramembranous bone-forming potential of simvastatin-containing polyprodrugs in vivo using a rat calvarial onlay model. Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(simvastatin) and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(simvastatin)-ran-poly(glycolide) were compared with simvastatin conventionally encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and pure PLGA.

A historical perspective with current opinion on the management of atrophic mandibular fractures.

The management of atrophic mandibular fractures has been a challenge for maxillofacial surgeons for decades. During the past 70 years, various techniques for treating edentulous mandibular fractures have been advocated. These techniques have been praised, criticized, abandoned, improved, and used in combination with other methods.

Testing of a bioactive, moldable bone graft substitute in an infected, critically sized segmental defect model.

Large infected bone defects, often resulting from high energy traumas, are difficult to treat due to their variability in complexity and location. Standard treatment for infected bone defects begins with a protocol that includes a series of debridements in conjunction with an extended course of systemic antibiotics. Only after the infection has been eliminated will repair of the defect commence, typically with implantation of autologous bone.

Atrophic Mandible Fractures: Are Bone Grafts Necessary? An Update.

Purpose: The management of atrophic mandibular fractures poses a challenge because of anatomic variations and medical comorbidities associated with elderly patients. The purpose of this article is to review and update the literature regarding the management of atrophic mandible fractures using load-bearing reconstruction plates placed without bone grafts.

Materials And Methods: We performed a review of the English-language literature looking for atrophic mandibular fractures with or without continuity defects and reconstruction without bone grafts.

Screw-type device diameter and orthodontic loading influence adjacent bone remodeling.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of diameter and orthodontic loading of a screw-type implantable device on bone remodeling.

Materials And Methods: Screw-shaped devices of four distinct diameters, 1.6, 2, 3, and 3.

Improving a Dental School's Clinic Operations Using Lean Process Improvement.

The term "lean production," also known as "Lean," describes a process of operations management pioneered at the Toyota Motor Company that contributed significantly to the success of the company. Although developed by Toyota, the Lean process has been implemented at many other organizations, including those in health care, and should be considered by dental schools in evaluating their clinical operations. Lean combines engineering principles with operations management and improvement tools to optimize business and operating processes.

Transcriptome Analysis of B Cell Immune Functions in Periodontitis: Mucosal Tissue Responses to the Oral Microbiome in Aging.

Evidence has shown activation of T and B cells in gingival tissues in experimental models and in humans diagnosed with periodontitis. The results of this adaptive immune response are noted both locally and systemically with antigenic specificity for an array of oral bacteria, including periodontopathic species, e.g.

Simultaneous removal of third molars and completion of a sagittal split osteotomy: effects of age and presence of third molars.

Objetives: The risk of removal of third molars (M3) during a sagittal split osteotomy (SSO) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with removal of mandibular M3 during versus before SSO.

Study Design: A chart and radiographic review was completed in all patients who underwent an SSO from April 2010 until September 2014.

Barriers to Repair in Maxillofacial Trauma.

Importance: Multiple factors can be associated with the delayed repair of maxillofacial injuries that may be associated with increased morbidity.

Objective: To assess factors affecting timing of repair and barriers which may exist in the management of maxillofacial trauma.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study at a tertiary care facility used the Current Procedural Terminology coding to identify adult patients undergoing operative repair of maxillofacial injuries between January 2010 and December 2013.

Decision making in third molar surgery: a survey of Brazilian oral and maxillofacial surgeons.

This study was designed to evaluate the variations in decision making among Brazilian oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS) and trainees in relation to third molar surgery. A survey on 18 diverse clinical situations related to the assessment and treatment of the third molar surgeries was conducted during the 20th Brazilian National OMFS meeting. Participants were divided into three groups according to their level of training.

Effects of epidermal growth factor-loaded mucoadhesive films on wounded oral tissue rafts.

Current treatments for traumatic oral mucosal wounds include the gold standard of autologous tissue and alternative tissue-engineered grafts. While use of autografts has disadvantages of minimal availability of oral keratinized tissue, second surgery, and donor site discomfort, tissue-engineered grafts are limited by their unavailability as off-the-shelf products owing to their fabrication time of 4-8 weeks. Hence, the current work aimed to develop a potentially cost-effective, readily available device capable of enhancing native mucosal regeneration.

Local delivery of imiquimod in hamsters using mucoadhesive films and their residence time in human patients.

Objective: To investigate the ability of mucoadhesive films to locally deliver an immune response modifier (imiquimod) to oral mucosa.

Study Design: After determining the residence time of films in hamster cheek pouches, drug-loaded films and commercially available imiquimod cream were tested for localization of drug in mucosal tissue. The residence time of drug-free films at different locations was also tested in humans.

Incidence of bracket failure during orthognathic surgery: a comparison of two techniques to establish interim maxillomandibular fixation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review the frequency of bracket failure using two different techniques for establishing interim fixation during orthognathic surgery.

Methods And Material: The first group (standard technique) had a maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) established during surgery by ligating splints to orthodontic appliances. The second group of patients had an interim fixation established using maxillomandibular screws (alternative technique).

COMPETING PROPERTIES OF MUCOADHESIVE FILMS DESIGNED FOR LOCALIZED DELIVERY OF IMIQUIMOD.

Oral mucosal delivery has gained prominence in the last two decades because the rich vasculature of the tissue enables rapid delivery and avoidance of first pass metabolism. Although commercial mucoadhesives are used for systemic delivery, systems are not currently available for treatment of local conditions. In the present work, mucoadhesive films are being developed for locally controlled release of an immune response modifier for preventing precancerous lesions from progressing to oral squamous cell carcinoma.