Treatment Options for Nonunion With Segmental Bone Defects: Systematic Review and Quantitative Evidence Synthesis.

Objectives: To determine which reconstruction treatment of long bones nonunion with segmental bone defects (SBDs) is effective to restore bone length and union with good function.

Data Sources: PubMed was used to identify published literature on treatment of SBD caused by fracture nonunion regardless of infection between January 1975 and December 2014.

Study Selection: We included retrospective cohort studies with a minimum sample size of 10 consecutive patients with minimum follow-up of 18 months and available data on radiographic and functional outcomes.

The WRAIR projectile concussive impact model of mild traumatic brain injury: re-design, testing and preclinical validation.

The WRAIR projectile concussive impact (PCI) model was developed for preclinical study of concussion. It represents a truly non-invasive closed-head injury caused by a blunt impact. The original design, however, has several drawbacks that limit the manipulation of injury parameters.

The role of shelf acetabuloplasty in early and late stages of Perthes disease: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

Purpose: Perthes disease may result in deformity of the proximal femoral epiphysis and incongruity of the hip, and shelf acetabuloplasty has been frequently used for treatment. The aim of this study was to review the published articles about the outcome of shelf acetabuloplasty as a containment or reconstruction-salvage procedure in Perthes disease.

Methods: We utilized the PubMed online database for peer review articles using the following search terms: shelf arthroplasty, acetabuloplasty, and Perthes.

Prevalence of scoliosis in patients with Fontan circulation.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of scoliosis in patients with Fontan circulation.

Design: Retrospective cohort (case-only), level IV study.

Setting: A comprehensive paediatric centre.

Comparison of Direct Pars Repair Techniques of Spondylolysis in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients: Pars Compression Screw Versus Pedicle Screw-Rod-Hook.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical cohort study.

Objective: To compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients who were treated with intrasegmental pars fixation by either laminar compression screw (LS) or a pedicle screw, rod, and laminar hook (PSRH) construct.

Summary Of Background Data: Spondylolysis is a nonunion defect of the pars interarticularis.

Outcomes of posterior titanium spinal instrumentation in neuromuscular scoliosis patients.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to characterize the outcomes of posterior spinal fusion (PSF) using titanium instrumentation in neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) patients with a special focus on deformity correction and correction maintenance.

Patients And Methods: Between 2002 and 2004, nine patients (5 girls and 4 boys; mean age 14.9±2.

Rectus femoris transfer improves stiff knee gait in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Background: Stiff knee gait is common among children with ambulatory cerebral palsy (CP). When surgery is indicated, rectus femoris transfer as a primary treatment enhances knee range of motion, reduces time to peak knee flexion, increases peak knee flexion, and reduces toe drag.

Questions/purposes: We determined whether (1) distal rectus femoris transfer improved knee range of motion, time to peak knee flexion, peak knee flexion, and toe drag in children with CP diagnosed with stiff knee gait; and (2) patients in some subgroups (eg, those with relatively high knee range of motion compared with those with low knee range of motion before rectus femoris transfer) had greater improvement in these parameters.

Labral support shelf arthroplasty for containment in early stages of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.

Background: Containment of the hip has become a popular strategy for treatment of severe Legg-Calve-Perthes disease; however, the best method remains unclear. This study describes a minimal-incision variation of the labral support shelf arthroplasty, which uses arthroscopic visualization and an allograft buttress on the shelf support. The outcome in a group of hips undergoing this minimal-incision variation is compared by the Stulberg classification with a group treated by the traditional anterolateral open operative approach.

Clinical epidemiologic characterization of orthopaedic and neurological manifestations in children with leukodystrophies.

Background: Leukodystrophies (LKDs) are spectra of clinical conditions characterized primarily by brain white matter abnormalities. Although this condition was previously defined around inherited disorders of the white matter of the brain, current application includes acquired and sporadic conditions and some rare conditions that affect gray matter. Over the past 2 decades, information had become available on the clinical subtypes due to neurodiagnostic imaging and improvement in the genetic studies (cytogenetics and molecular genetics) of LKD.

Operative and clinical markers of deep wound infection after spine fusion in children with cerebral palsy.

Background: Infection after spine fusion for neuromuscular scoliosis has been shown to range from 4.2% to 20.0% prevalence.

Outcome of in situ pinning in patients with unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis: assessment of risk factors associated with avascular necrosis.

Introduction: Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a devastating complication following treatment of unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). The advent of newer methods such as open reduction and surgical dislocation of the hip has increased the debate on the optimal method of treatment. However, the risk or predisposing factors for AVN remain unclear.

Factors related to progression of thoracolumbar kyphosis in children with achondroplasia: a retrospective cohort study of forty-eight children treated in a comprehensive orthopaedic center.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.

Objective: To assess the period prevalence and predisposing factors in thoracolumbar kyphosis progression (TLK).

Summary Of Background Data: TLK is a common presentation in children with achondroplasia.

Prevalence and risk factors in postoperative pancreatitis after spine fusion in patients with cerebral palsy.

Background: Postoperative pancreatitis is a recognized complication after spine fusion surgery in scoliosis management. There are established risk factors for the development of postoperative pancreatitis for patients with scoliosis in general, but no such factors have been established in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) who have scoliosis. The aim of this study was to assess the association between preoperative comorbidities and other parameters in the development of pancreatitis after spinal fusion surgery in a sample of children with CP.

Osteochondral flap avulsion fracture in a child with forearm compartment syndrome.

Traumatic elbow dislocations account for approximately 3% to 6% of childhood upper extremity injuries, and 41% of these dislocations are concomitant injuries around the elbow. Most of these injuries are associated with a fall on an outstretched hand. Compartment syndrome is one recognized complication after elbow dislocation and distal humeral and radial neck fracture.