Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for preventing Alzheimer's disease.

This review provides the rationale for implementing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are known risk factors associated with the development of AD, some of which may be ameliorated with CBT. We posit that treating the risk factors of inactivity, poor diet, hyposmia and anosmia, sleep disorders and lack of regularly engaged challenging cognitive activity will modify the physiology of the brain sufficiently to avoid the accumulation of excess proteins, including amyloid beta, causal events in the development of AD.

Estradiol valerate and alcohol intake: dose-response assessments.

Background: An injection of estradiol valerate (EV) provides estradiol for a prolonged period. Recent research indicates that a single 2.0 mg injection of EV modifies a female rat's appetite for alcoholic beverages.

Estradiol increases consumption of a chocolate cake mix in female rats.

Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given an opportunity to eat chocolate cake mix (CCM) using a common brand of cake mix, while standard laboratory food was also available. They took large amounts of the CCM, often taking more than 20 g in 24 h. Some animals were given a single injection of 1 of 6 doses of estradiol valerate (ranging from 0.

Estradiol valerate and intake of sweetened water.

Recently, it has been shown that female rats receiving very large doses (e.g., 2 mg) of estradiol valerate (EV) take considerably more alcoholic beverage than placebo controls.

A pharmacological dose of estradiol can enhance appetites for alcoholic beverages.

Each of 30 female Sprague-Dawley rats were given 2 mg of estradiol valerate (EV), 30 others were given placebos. EV is a preparation that delivers estradiol for more than 12 days, but probably less than 20. Fifteen days later, the females had the opportunity to take sweetened alcoholic beverage 24 h a day across 25 days.

One injection of estradiol valerate induces dramatic changes in rats' intake of alcoholic beverages.

A series of experiments investigated the effects of a single injection of estradiol valerate (EV) on female rats' consumption of alcoholic beverages. EV provides sustained release of estradiol. Just after an injection of EV, rats' intake of a palatable alcoholic beverage, which had been taken regularly before, is reduced dramatically.