Use of MM-SES-CD Endoscopic Improvement Thresholds Enhances Effect Size Differentiation between Adalimumab vs. Placebo: A Post-hoc Analysis of the EXTEND Trial.

Introduction: The Modified Multiplier of the SES-CD (MM-SES-CD) refines the assessment of endoscopic Crohn's Disease (CD) severity by differentially weighting parameters in the original SES-CD. A threshold of <22.5 for MM-SES-CD suggests endoscopic remission and correlates with a low risk of long-term disease progression.

Agonistic anti-DCIR antibody inhibits ITAM-mediated inflammatory signaling and promotes immune resolution.

DC inhibitory receptor (DCIR) is a C-type lectin receptor selectively expressed on myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, DCs, and neutrophils. Its role in immune regulation has been implicated in murine models and human genome-wide association studies, suggesting defective DCIR function associates with increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and Sjögren's syndrome. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying DCIR activation to dampen inflammation.

The oxidative and nitrosative chemistry of the nitric oxide/superoxide reaction in the presence of bicarbonate.

The primary product of the interaction between nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide () is peroxynitrite (ONOO-), which is capable of either oxidizing or nitrating various biological substrates. However, it has been shown that excess NO or can further react with ONOO- to form species which mediate nitrosation. Subsequently, the controlled equilibrium between nitrosative and oxidative chemistry is critically dependent on the flux of NO and.

Modulation of P-selectin expression in the postischemic intestinal microvasculature.

The dual radiolabeled monoclonal antibody technique was used to 1) define the magnitude and kinetics of P-selectin expression in murine small intestine exposed to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), and 2) determine the factor(s) responsible for initiating this response. Within 10 min after release of a 20-min arterial occlusion, intestinal P-selectin expression increased two- to threefold compared with control values. Peak (4-fold) expression of P-selectin was noted at 5 h after reperfusion, returning to the control value at 24 h.

C-terminal mutations that alter the turnover number for 3-O-methylglucose transport by GLUT1 and GLUT4.

Turnover numbers for 3-O-methylglucose transport by the homologous glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4 were compared to those for truncated and chimeric transporters expressed in Xenopus oocytes to assess potential regulatory properties of the C-terminal domain. The ability of high intracellular sugar concentrations to increase the turnover number for sugar entry ("accelerated exchange") by GLUT1 and not by GLUT4 was maintained in oocytes. Replacing the GLUT1 C terminus with that of GLUT4 stimulated turnover 1.