Three-Dimensionally Printed Microsystems to Facilitate Flow-Based Study of Cells from Neurovascular Barriers of the Retina.

Rapid prototyping has produced accessible manufacturing methods that offer faster and more cost-effective ways to develop microscale systems for cellular testing. Commercial 3D printers are now increasingly adapted for soft lithography, where elastomers are used in tandem with 3D-printed substrates to produce in vitro cell assays. Newfound abilities to prototype cellular systems have begun to expand fundamental bioengineering research in the visual system to complement tissue engineering studies reliant upon complex microtechnology.