Adoption of Optimal Small (6-9 mm) Colorectal Polyp Resection Technique Over Time.

Background: Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is the preferred resection technique for small (6-9 mm) polyps due to lower rate of incomplete resection compared to cold forceps polypectomy (CFP) and improved safety profile over hot snare polypectomy (HSP).

Aims: To describe resection techniques for small (6-9 mm) polyps and determine factors associated with sub-optimal technique.

Methods: This was retrospective cohort study of colonoscopies performed by gastroenterological and surgical endoscopists from 2012 to 2019 where at least one 6-9 mm polyp was removed.

Adding efficiency to proficiency: a study of trainee polypectomy efficiency metrics.

Background: Although validated colonoscopy assessment tools exist, they do not measure efficiency. This study aimed to assess content validity of polypectomy efficiency (PE) and neoplastic polypectomy efficiency (NPE) as colonoscopy efficiency indices.

Methods: Data from a randomized controlled trial evaluating polypectomy among gastroenterology trainees were utilized.

Biological activity of truncated C-terminus human heat shock protein 72.

Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72), a canonical intracellular molecular chaperone, may also function as an extracellular danger signal for the innate immune system. To further delineate the biological role of Hsp72 in the innate immune system, we generated two truncated versions of the full length human Hsp72 (N-terminus Hsp72, amino acids 1-430; and C-terminus Hsp72 amino acids 420-641) and directly compared their ability to activate cells from the macrophage/monocyte lineage. In RAW 264.

Apicomplexan UCHL3 retains dual specificity for ubiquitin and Nedd8 throughout evolution.

Post-translational modification of proteins by ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like polypeptides such as Nedd8 controls cellular functions including protein degradation, the cell cycle and transcription. Here we have used an activity-based chemical probe that covalently labels ubiquitin hydrolases. We identify four such enzymes from Toxoplasma gondii by mass spectrometry.