Sphinganine recruits TLR4 adaptors in macrophages and promotes inflammation in murine models of sepsis and melanoma.

After recognizing its ligand lipopolysaccharide, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recruits adaptor proteins to the cell membrane, thereby initiating downstream signaling and triggering inflammation. Whether this recruitment of adaptor proteins is dependent solely on protein-protein interactions is unknown. Here, we report that the sphingolipid sphinganine physically interacts with the adaptor proteins MyD88 and TIRAP and promotes MyD88 recruitment in macrophages.

Essential phospholipids decrease apoptosis and increase membrane transport in human hepatocyte cell lines.

Background: Essential phospholipids (EPL) have hepatoprotective effects across many liver diseases/conditions. The impact of EPL on hepatocyte function in vitro was investigated.

Methods: Effects of noncytotoxic concentrations of EPL (0.

The drug-induced phenotypic landscape of colorectal cancer organoids.

Patient-derived organoids resemble the biology of tissues and tumors, enabling ex vivo modeling of human diseases. They have heterogeneous morphologies with unclear biological causes and relationship to treatment response. Here, we use high-throughput, image-based profiling to quantify phenotypes of over 5 million individual colorectal cancer organoids after treatment with >500 small molecules.

Patchy Amphiphilic Dendrimers Bind Adenovirus and Control Its Host Interactions and in Vivo Distribution.

The surface of proteins is heterogeneous with sophisticated but precise hydrophobic and hydrophilic patches, which is essential for their diverse biological functions. To emulate such distinct surface patterns on macromolecules, we used rigid spherical synthetic dendrimers (polyphenylene dendrimers) to provide controlled amphiphilic surface patches with molecular precision. We identified an optimal spatial arrangement of these patches on certain dendrimers that enabled their interaction with human adenovirus 5 (Ad5).

Allergies - A T cells perspective in the era beyond the T1/T2 paradigm.

Allergic diseases have emerged as a major health care burden, especially in the western hemisphere. They are defined by overshooting reactions of an aberrant immune system to harmless exogenous stimuli. The T1/T2 paradigm assumes that a dominance of T2 cell activation and an inadequate T1 cell response are responsible for the development of allergies.