Global prevalence and case fatality rate of Enterovirus D68 infections, a systematic review and meta-analysis.

A substantial amount of epidemiological data has been reported on Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections after the 2014 outbreak. Our goal was to map the case fatality rate (CFR) and prevalence of current and past EV-D68 infections. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO, CRD42021229255) with published articles on EV-68 infections in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Global Index Medicus up to January 2021.

Filaria specific antibody response profiling in plasma from anti-retroviral naïve Loa loa microfilaraemic HIV-1 infected people.

Background: In West and Central Africa areas of endemic Loa loa infections overlap with regions of high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections. Because individuals in this region are exposed to filarial parasites from birth, most HIV-1 infected individuals invariably also have a history of filarial parasite infection. Since HIV-1 infection both depletes immune system and maintains it in perpetual inflammation, this can hamper Loa loa filarial parasite mediated immune modulation, leading to enhanced loaisis.

The Effect of Antiretroviral Naïve HIV-1 Infection on the Ability of Natural Killer Cells to Produce IFN-γ upon Exposure to Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes.

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, intense perennial species transmission coincides with areas of high prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection. This implies that antiretroviral naïve HIV-infected people living within these regions are repeatedly exposed to species infection and consequently malaria. Natural killer (NK) cells are known to contribute to malaria immunity through the production of IFN-γ after exposure to -infected erythrocytes (infected red blood cells [iRBC]).