ROS as Signaling Molecules to Initiate the Process of Plant Acclimatization to Abiotic Stress.

During their life cycle, plants constantly respond to environmental changes. Abiotic stressors affect the photosynthetic and respiratory processes of plants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during aerobic metabolism and play an important role as regulatory mediators in signaling processes, activating the plant's protective response to abiotic stress and restoring "oxidation-reduction homeostasis".

Salt Tolerance Assessment in and .

Background: Salt stress is a multicomponent phenomenon; it includes many processes that directly or indirectly affect the plant. Attempts have been made to comprehensively consider the processes of salt stress in plants (variety Orenburgskaya 22) and (variety Zolotaya).

Methods: The study used methods of light and fluorescence microscopy, methods of immunofluorodetection, expression of DNA methyltransferase genes, genes of the ion transporter and superoxide dismutase families, as well as biochemical determination of total antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reagent.

Features of the Effect of Quercetin on Different Genotypes of Wheat under Hypoxia.

Hypoxia is one of the common abiotic stresses that negatively affects the development and productivity of agricultural crops. Quercetin is used to protect plants from oxidative stress when exposed to environmental stressors. O deficiency leads to impaired development and morphometric parameters in wheat varieties Orenburgskaya 22 ( L.

Mechanisms of Antioxidant Resistance in Different Wheat Genotypes under Salt Stress and Hypoxia.

Various stressors lead to an increase in ROS and damage to plant tissues. Plants have a powerful antioxidant system (AOS), which allows them to neutralize excess ROS. We detected an intense fluorescent glow of ROS in the cells of the cap, meristem, and elongation zones in the roots of wheat (Orenburgskaya 22 variety) and (Zolotaya variety).

Molecular Mechanisms of Regulation of Root Development by Plant Peptides.

Peptides perform many functions, participating in the regulation of cell differentiation, regulating plant growth and development, and also involved in the response to stress factors and in antimicrobial defense. Peptides are an important class biomolecules for intercellular communication and in the transmission of various signals. The intercellular communication system based on the ligand-receptor bond is one of the most important molecular bases for creating complex multicellular organisms.

Elongating Effect of the Peptide AEDL on the Root of under Salinity.

The overall survival of a plant depends on the development, growth, and functioning of the roots. Root development and growth are not only genetically programmed but are constantly influenced by environmental factors, with the roots adapting to such changes. The peptide AEDL (alanine-glutamine acid-asparagine acid-leucine) at a concentration of 10 M had an elongating effect on the root cells of seedlings.

Short Peptides Induce Development of Root Hair .

Root hairs absorb soil nutrients and water, and anchor the plant in the soil. Treatment of tobacco () roots with glycine (Gly) amino acid, and glycilglycine (GlyGly) and glycilaspartic acid (GlyAsp) dipeptides (10 M concentration) significantly increased the development of root hairs. In the root, peptide accumulation was tissue-specific, with predominant localization to the root cap, meristem, elongation zone, and absorption zone.

Wheat endonuclease WEN1 dependent on S-adenosyl-L-methionine and sensitive to DNA methylation status.

Ca(2+)-, Mg(2+)-dependent wheat endonuclease WEN1 with molecular mass of about 27 kDa was isolated from coleoptyles. Methylated DNA of lambda phage grown on E. coli dam(+), dcm(+) cells was hydrolyzed by WEN1 more effectively than DNA of phage grown on dam(-), dcm(-) cells.

N(6)-Adenine DNA-methyltransferase in wheat seedlings.

The N(6)-adenine DNA-methyltransferase was isolated from the vacuolar vesicle fraction of wheat coleoptiles. In the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine the enzyme de novo methylates the first adenine residue in the TGATCA sequence in the single- or double-stranded DNA substrates but it prefers single-stranded structures. Wheat adenine DNA-methyltransferase (wadmtase) is a Mg(2+)- or Ca(2+)-dependent enzyme with a maximum activity at pH 7.