Numerous areas of the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS) were subjected to radioactive contamination, including tritium. The tritium content in plants was determined in free water (TFWT) and in the organic component (OBT). It has been established that the OBT content in plants for the "Sary-Uzen" site between combat boreholes ranges from <7-125 Bq/kg and the background OBT content is 21.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis article presents the results of a study of the influence of radionuclide and chemical pollution on the morphological and anatomical parameters of plants growing in the territory of "Degelen" at the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS). Quantitative data of morphological and anatomical parameters are given, and the content of radionuclides and toxic elements in samples of plants obtained. Statistical processing of the obtained data was conducted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper reports the activity concentrations of 137Cs, 90Sr, 239+240Pu, 241Am, and 3Н in the form of tritiated water (НТО) and organically bound tritium (ОBТ) in the tissues and organs of roe deer (Capreolus pygargus Pal., 1771) that inhabit the 'Degelen' test location of the Semipalatinsk Test Site. Tissues and organs were sampled from six deer by killing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe transboundary Irtysh River flows through the territory of three states: China, Kazakhstan and Russia. Industrial enterprises are located in the Irtysh River basin at the territory of Kazakhstan. Also, the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site can affect the state of the Irtysh River water.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper presents the determination method of the exact geographical coordinates of aboveground nuclear tests (NT) epicenters based on the radioecological study results the example of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site. By testing the NT Epicenter software for determining the exact geographic coordinates of the NT centers, it was established that it is indeed possible to determine the exact coordinates of most of the aboveground NTs. Their locations are currently determined by the presence are currently determined by the presence of technogenic disturbance of the soil surface in the area of the alleged epicenter (the presence of a crater), as well as by comparing maps of radioactive contamination and a space image.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Hearing loss significantly affects an individual's well-being, communication, social interaction, and quality of life. Cochlear implants serve as a viable management option. Given the variability in the impact of impairment, self-report measures are crucial for evaluating the perceived benefits of management options.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper presents research on the assessment of the radioecological state of plant cover surrounding two research reactor facilities located within the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS) as examples of nuclear fuel cycle facilities (NFC). Source data on the concentrations of artificial radionuclides in the plant cover were obtained. Quantitative values for 137Cs, 241Am, and 239+240Pu activity concentrations were determined in plants across the perimeters of the facilities, indicating that these compounds may be present in the associated media from the perspective of accumulative bioindication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis article presents research findings on 3H in abiotic environmental compartments, specifically, the 'water-soil-air' system. All of the research areas are located within the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS): the perimeter of the 'Degelen' site, the riverside zone of the Shagan river and the 'background' area-the southeastern part of the STS (SEP). As research progressed, numerical values of 3H and its species were revealed in various environmental compartments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe article presents the results of a study of groundwater contaminated with tritium in the vicinity of the 'Atomic Lake' - a crater filled with water as a result of a thermonuclear explosion on the territory of the former Semipalatinsk test site. This crater was created as part of an experimental thermonuclear explosion in 1965 with the aim of creating an artificial reservoir in arid areas. The study was carried out to identify the source of groundwater contamination near the crater formed from a thermonuclear test.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe paper provides results of a long-term natural experiment with fruit and berry crops, grown in conditions of radioactive contamination at the territory of the former Semipalatinsk Test Site. The aim of the research is to study peculiarities in accumulation of artificial radionuclides by different species of trees and shrubs. The paper considers only one pathway of the radionuclide's intake, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: There is no cure for tinnitus, which is a highly prevalent condition in service members and veterans. Battlefield acupuncture (BFA) can be used to manage pain and stress-related symptoms. We investigated BFA as a safe, low-cost treatment for tinnitus perception and coping in eight chronic tinnitus patients who were followed for 6 months after two BFA treatments to identify changes in tinnitus severity or impact.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFData on the vertical distribution of radionuclides in the soil is necessary to fully understand the radioecological situation around ecosystems, give predictive estimates to how safe crop products are and justify a rehabilitation strategy for radioactively contaminated areas. A study was conducted to investigate the vertical distribution of radionuclides in soils of the former Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS) territory beyond its testing sites, that is, in areas in which no nuclear weapons or nuclear effects of radiological warfare agents were tested. Soil was sampled layerwise all over the Semipalatinsk Test Site down to 30 cm deep at a 5-cm spacing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe paper presents data on the research of the radionuclide contamination redistribution in the ecosystems of natural lakes at the Semipalatinsk test site and adjacent territories. Natural lakes, which are the research objects, are located on the territory of the test sites, in the zone of their influence, in the zone impacted by radioactive fallout or in the "background" territories. Sampling of water, bottom sediments and plants was carried out, in which the content of radionuclides Am, Cs, Sr and Pu was determined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe article highlights the results of a radioecological survey of the surface areas of combat boreholes at the Sary-Uzen site located on the territory of the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS), where underground nuclear tests in these boreholes were conducted earlier. The surface areas of boreholes were examined the levels of radioactive contamination of the soil were determined. A total of 2 main groups were identified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe paper provides study of the radioactive contamination of near-surface soil at the Sary-Uzen site in the Semipalatinsk test site (STS). Increased values of natural radionuclides in the studied area were not detected, which indicates the absence of possible geochemical anomalies that could create an elevated radiation background. Radioactive contamination by technogenic radionuclides is caused by two factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper reports the speciation of Cs, Am, Sr and Pu in the soil samples of the Experimental Field (EF). The EF is a testing ground of the Semipalatinsk nuclear weapons test site used for surface and atmospheric tests. The study revealed low mobility of artificial radionuclides in the EF site soils.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper provides results of assessment of the tritium distribution in the vegetation cover in the areas of underground nuclear explosions at the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS). The research was conducted at the former "Degelen" test site along the streams that are one of the main channels of tritium migration from underground nuclear explosions epicenters. The dominant plant species Carex supine and Achnatherum splendens that belong to different ecological groups in relation to humidity were selected as representatives of the vegetation cover.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA photocatalytic method for the α-selective hydroaminoalkylation of cinnamate esters has been developed. The reaction involves the regioselective addition of α-aminoalkyl radicals generated from aniline derivatives or aliphatic amines to the α-position of unsaturated esters. The scope of aromatic alkenes was extended to styrenes undergoing hydroaminoalkylation with anti-Markovnikov selectivity, which confirms the importance of the aromatic group at the β-position.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA study to determine Cs, Sr, Am, Pu radionuclides in vegetation cover of the area of craters produced by underground nuclear explosions at the Semipalatinsk test site (STS) is summarised in this paper. Transfer factors (Tf) required for the quantitative description of the radionuclides transition from the soil to aboveground plant parts were found to be highest for sagebrush (Artemisia sublessingiana), Tf values for Sr were gradually decreasing with increasing distance from the dump zone. When arranging the radionuclide transferring factors in descending order, the following sequence was obtained: Sr Tf > Cs Tf > Am Tf > Pu Tf, which is consistent with International data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMinimally invasive mitral valve repair and ablation of atrial fibrillation, combined with FVIII level-controlled replacement therapy, can be safely performed in patients with severe hemophilia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA wide diversity of zoonotic viruses that are capable of overcoming host range barriers facilitate the emergence of new potentially pandemic viruses in the human population. When faced with a new virus that is rapidly emerging in the human population, we have a limited knowledge base to work with. The pandemic invasion of the new SARS-CoV-2 virus in 2019 provided a unique possibility to quickly learn more about the pathogenesis of respiratory viruses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study describes a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial in healthy adults of a new potential pandemic H7N9 live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) based on the human influenza virus of Yangtze River Delta hemagglutinin lineage (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03739229). Two doses of H7N9 LAIV or placebo were administered intranasally to 30 and 10 subjects, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe recent reduction of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) effectiveness in multivalent formulations was particularly associated with the A(H1N1)pdm09 component. In the 2017 the WHO vaccine composition committee changed its recommendations for the A(H1N1)pdm09 component to include an A/Michigan/45/2015-like virus. We evaluated effectiveness and quality of newly developed and previous A(H1N1)pdm09 LAIV reassortants through assessment of their thermal and pH stability, receptor binding specificity and replication fitness in primary human airway epithelial cells of nasal origin (hAECN).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe development of universal influenza vaccines has been a priority for more than 20 years. We conducted a preclinical study in ferrets of two sets of live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) expressing chimeric hemagglutinin (cHA). These vaccines contained the HA stalk domain from H1N1pdm09 virus but had antigenically unrelated globular head domains from avian influenza viruses H5N1, H8N4 and H9N2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper provides research data on levels and character of radionuclide contamination distribution in the «sediments- water - plants » system of objects of the Semipalatinsk test site (STS). As the research objects there were chosen water bodies of man-made origin which located at the territory of "Experimental Field", "Balapan", "Telkem" and "Sary-Uzen" testing sites. For research the sampling of bottom sediments, water, lakeside and water plants was taken.
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