Dynamics of Endothelial Cell Diversity and Plasticity in Health and Disease.

Endothelial cells (ECs) are vital structural units of the cardiovascular system possessing two principal distinctive properties: heterogeneity and plasticity. Endothelial heterogeneity is defined by differences in tissue-specific endothelial phenotypes and their high predisposition to modification along the length of the vascular bed. This aspect of heterogeneity is closely associated with plasticity, the ability of ECs to adapt to environmental cues through the mobilization of genetic, molecular, and structural alterations.

Composition of the sputum bacterial microbiome of patients with different pathomorphological forms of non-small-cell lung cancer.

Recent studies have shown that the bacterial microbiome of the respiratory tract influences the development of lung cancer. Changes in the composition of the microbiome are observed in patients with chronic inflammatory processes. Such microbiome changes may include the occurrence of bacteria that cause oxidative stress and that are capable of causing genome damage in the cells of the host organism directly and indirectly.

Physically Meaningful Surrogate Data for COPD.

The rapidly increasing prevalence of debilitating breathing disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), calls for a meaningful integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into respiratory healthcare. Deep learning techniques are "data hungry" whilst patient-based data is invariably expensive and time consuming to record. To this end, we introduce a novel COPD-simulator, a physical apparatus with an easy to replicate design which enables rapid and effective generation of a wide range of COPD-like data from healthy subjects, for enhanced training of deep learning frameworks.

[Methodical approach to the construction of the index of doctors' confidence in their activities].

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of developing a state policy to increase the attractiveness of a doctor's work and counteract professional burnout. The trust of doctors in their work determines the state of human resources in the field of healthcare. The development of an approach to the organization of monitoring the trust of doctors will allow identifying organizations at an early stage in which there is a decrease in the confidence of doctors in their activities.

Targeted deletion of von-Hippel-Lindau in the proximal tubule conditions the kidney against early diabetic kidney disease.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Glomerular hyperfiltration and albuminuria subject the proximal tubule (PT) to a subsequent elevation of workload, growth, and hypoxia. Hypoxia plays an ambiguous role in the development and progression of DKD and shall be clarified in our study.

The Contribution of Germline Pathogenic Variants in Breast Cancer Genes to Contralateral Breast Cancer Risk in -Negative Women.

Background: Contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is associated with younger age at first diagnosis, family history and pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) in genes such as and However, data regarding genetic factors predisposing to CBC among younger women who are -negative remain limited.

Methods: In this nested case-control study, participants negative for // PGVs were selected from the WECARE Study. The burden of PGVs in established breast cancer risk genes was compared in 357 cases with CBC and 366 matched controls with unilateral breast cancer (UBC).

VPS34-dependent control of apical membrane function of proximal tubule cells and nutrient recovery by the kidney.

The lipid kinase VPS34 orchestrates autophagy, endocytosis, and metabolism and is implicated in cancer and metabolic disease. The proximal tubule in the kidney is a key metabolic organ that controls reabsorption of nutrients such as fatty acids, amino acids, sugars, and proteins. Here, by combining metabolomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics analyses with functional and superresolution imaging assays of mice with an inducible deficiency in proximal tubular cells, we revealed that VPS34 controlled the metabolome of the proximal tubule.

Novel anatomical findings with implications on the etiology of the piriformis syndrome.

Purpose: The cause of the piriformis-related pelvic and extra-pelvic pain syndromes is still not well understood. Usually, the piriformis syndrome is seen as extra-pelvic sciatica caused by the entrapment of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis in its crossing through the greater sciatic foramen. However, the piriformis muscle may compress additional nerve structures in other regions and cause idiotypic pelvic pain, pelvic visceral pain, pudendal neuralgia, and pelvic organ dysfunction.

Sputum Microbiome Composition in Patients with Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma.

Background: Recent findings indicate that the host microbiome can have a significant impact on the development of lung cancer by inducing an inflammatory response, causing dysbiosis, and generating genome damage. The aim of this study was to search for bacterial communities specifically associated with squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC).

Methods: In this study, the taxonomic composition of the sputum microbiome of 40 men with untreated LUSC was compared with that of 40 healthy controls.

Chemical Composition and Toxicity of PM and PM Samples near Open-Pit Mines and Coal Power Stations.

Particulate matter (PM) <10 μm in size represents an extremely heterogeneous and variable group of objects that can penetrate the human respiratory tract. The present study aimed to isolate samples of coarse and ultrafine PM at some distance from polluting industries (1−1.5 km from the border of open-cast mines).

Sputum Microbiota in Coal Workers Diagnosed with Pneumoconiosis as Revealed by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing.

Coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) is an occupationally induced progressive fibrotic lung disease. This irreversible but preventable disease currently affects millions across the world, mainly in countries with developed coal mining industries. Here, we report a pilot study that explores the sputum microbiome as a potential non-invasive bacterial biomarker of CWP status.

Frequency of pathogenic germline variants in cancer susceptibility genes in 1336 renal cell carcinoma cases.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occurs in a number of cancer predisposition syndromes, but the genetic architecture of susceptibility to RCC is not well defined. We investigated the frequency of pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline variants in cancer susceptibility genes (CSGs) within a large series of unselected RCC participants. Whole-genome sequencing data on 1336 RCC participants and 5834 controls recruited to the UK 100 000 Genomes Project, a nationwide multicentre study, was analyzed to identify rare P/LP short variants (single nucleotide variants and insertions/deletions ranging from 1 to 50 base pairs) and structural variants in 121 CSGs.

Investigating the clinical, pathological and molecular profile of oncocytic adrenocortical neoplasms: a case series and literature review.

Background: Malignant oncocytic adrenocortical neoplasms (OANs) are rare tumours with a distinctive biological behaviour compared to conventional adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). The current prognostic systems overestimate the malignant potential of these tumours, and guidance for surveillance and treatment strategies are lacking.

Aim: To evaluate the utility of clinical, pathological and molecular markers in predicting the biological behaviour and outcomes of malignant OANs.

The Influence of Virus Infection on Microglia and Accelerated Brain Aging.

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system contributing substantially to health and disease. There is increasing evidence that inflammatory microglia may induce or accelerate brain aging, by interfering with physiological repair and remodeling processes. Many viral infections affect the brain and interfere with microglia functions, including human immune deficiency virus, flaviviruses, SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and human herpes viruses.

Short/long-term cryopreservation prior to comet assay of whole-blood leukocytes and -cultured lung fibroblasts.

Single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) is a valuable test that can be used in ecotoxicological, epidemiological, and biomonitoring contexts. We assessed the effects of short- (without cryopreservation) and long-term (with cryopreservation) storage of DMEM-cultivated human peripheral blood leukocytes (HPBLs) and a human lung fibroblast cell line (FLECH-104) on comet assay results. Samples were stored for 6 or 24 h at room temperature (23°С) or 4 °C and frozen at -80 °C or -196 °C for 1, 2, or 4 weeks.

Assessment of the State of Economic Security in Russia Using the Example of the Unemployment Rate Indicator: Fractal Analysis Method.

The article proposes methodological approaches to the verification of indicators of the state of the country's economic security using the method of fractal analysis. Fractal analysis technologies make it possible to determine the nature and dynamics of changes in the indicator, to verify its values (indicative or critical), and also to reveal the rate at which these states are reached on the time horizon of statistical observations. The unemployment rate indicator is selected as an example.

Genetic damage in lymphocytes of lung cancer patients is correlated to the composition of the respiratory tract microbiome.

Recent findings indicate that the microbiome may have significant impact on the development of lung cancer by its effects on inflammation, dysbiosis or genome damage. The aim of this study was to compare the sputum microbiome of lung cancer (LC) patients with the chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronuclei (MN) frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes. In the study, the taxonomic composition of the sputum microbiome of 66 men with untreated LC were compared with 62 control subjects with respect to CA and MN frequency and centromere fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis.

The Assessment of Radon Emissions as Results of the Soil Technogenic Disturbance.

Rn is a specific indoor-type pollutant that represents a primary radiological hazard as a main source of ionizing radiation (IR) for humans. Coal mining creates new sources of gas that are formed over mines. This process can significantly increase the density of radon flux.

Investigation of the genotoxic effects of fluoride on a bone tissue model.

Fluorides are thought to be a major cause of osteocarcinogenesis, due to their widespread industrial use, ability to accumulate in bone tissue, and genotoxic and probable carcinogenic properties. In vitro experiments investigating the genotoxic potential of fluorides in bone tissue models can provide valuable indirect information on their involvement in osteocarcinogenesis. Here, we investigated whether sodium fluoride (NaF) has the ability to induce DNA damage and chromosomal abnormalities in human osteosarcoma cells after 48 and 72 h of exposure.

Taxonomic diversity of sputum microbiome in lung cancer patients and its relationship with chromosomal aberrations in blood lymphocytes.

Here we report a pilot-sized study to compare the taxonomic composition of sputum microbiome in 17 newly-diagnosed lung cancer (LC) patients and 17 controls. Another object was to compare the representation of individual bacterial genera and species in sputum with the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the blood lymphocytes of LC patients and in controls. Both groups were male; average age 56.

Probing the core of the strong nuclear interaction.

The strong nuclear interaction between nucleons (protons and neutrons) is the effective force that holds the atomic nucleus together. This force stems from fundamental interactions between quarks and gluons (the constituents of nucleons) that are described by the equations of quantum chromodynamics. However, as these equations cannot be solved directly, nuclear interactions are described using simplified models, which are well constrained at typical inter-nucleon distances but not at shorter distances.

Investigation of spin stiffness in spin-depolarized states of two-dimensional electron systems with time-resolved Kerr rotation.

An experimental technique based on time-resolved Kerr rotation allows a comparison of the spin stiffnesses of different spin-polarized and depolarized states in a two-dimensional electron system. With this technique, a new spin-correlated phase that has no known analogues was discovered. The new spin-depolarized phase is characterized by high spin stiffness equal to that of a spin-polarized quantum Hall ferromagnet.

Innervation of the clavicular part of the deltoid muscle by the lateral pectoral nerve.

Introduction: The innervation pattern of the clavicular head of the deltoid muscle and its corresponding topography was investigated via cadaveric dissection in the present study, focusing on the lateral pectoral nerve.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-eight upper extremities were dissected and the nerve supplies to the deltoid muscle and the variability of the lateral pectoral and axillary nerves, including their topographical patterns, were noted.

Results: The clavicular portion of the deltoid muscle received a deltoid branch from the lateral pectoral nerve in 86.

Cathepsin B increases ENaC activity leading to hypertension early in nephrotic syndrome.

The NPHS2 gene, encoding the slit diaphragm protein podocin, accounts for genetic and sporadic forms of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Patients with NS often present symptoms of volume retention, such as oedema formation or hypertension. The primary dysregulation in sodium handling involves an inappropriate activation of the epithelial sodium channel, ENaC.