Midbrain volume in brain herniation: A volumetric analysis in operative traumatic brain injury.

Background: This study primarily aimed to assess the volumetric attributes of the midbrain and perimesencephalic structures preoperatively and following surgical interventions in patients diagnosed with brain herniation secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: We evaluated patients based on radiological findings and clinical symptoms indicative of brain herniation. We performed semi-automated segmentation of the intracranial structures most relevant to trauma and of interest for the current study, such as hematoma, ventricles, midbrain, and perimesencephalic cisterns.

Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in operative traumatic brain injury.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant complication in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the optimal timing of pharmacological prophylaxis in operative cases remains controversial.

Methods: This retrospective study aimed to describe the timing of pharmacological prophylaxis initiation in operative TBI cases, stratified by surgery type, and to report the frequency of worsening postoperative intracranial pathology.

Results: Data from 90 surgical TBI patients were analyzed, revealing that 87.

Ultra-Early (<5 Hours) Decompression for Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Series.

Early surgical decompression within 24 hours for traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with improved neurological recovery. However, the ideal timing of decompression is still up for debate. The objective of this study was to utilize our retrospective single-institution series of ultra-early (<5 hours) decompression to determine if ultra-early decompression led to improved neurological outcomes and was a feasible target over previously defined early decompression targets.

Microsurgical intraluminal obliteration of type IV perimedullary arteriovenous fistula with an in situ hemostatic agent: illustrative case.

Background: Spinal arteriovenous fistulas (SAVFs) are underdiagnosed entities that can lead to severe morbidity from spinal cord dysfunction or hemorrhage. Treatment options include endovascular embolization or direct surgical obliteration at the level of the arteriovenous shunt. The authors present a case of intraluminal microsurgical access for occlusion with a hemostatic agent of a type IV SAVF near the conus medullaris as an alternative to clip occlusion to avoid nerve root compromise.

Initial experience with minimally invasive endoscopic evacuation of intracerebral hemorrhage in the setting of radiographic herniation.

Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can rapidly result in cerebral herniation, leading to poor neurologic outcomes or mortality. To date, neither decompressive hemicraniectomy (DH) nor hematoma evacuation have been conclusively shown to improve outcomes for comatose ICH patients presenting with cerebral herniation, with these patients largely excluded from clinical trials. Here we present the outcomes of a series of patients presenting with ICH and radiographic herniation who underwent emergent minimally invasive (MIS) ICH evacuation.

Delayed Post-cholecystectomy Gallbladder Fossa Abscess Due to Citrobacter freundii.

While laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the treatment of choice for cholecystitis, complications such as abscess development can result even years after the intervention. We present a case of a patient with a remote history of laparoscopic cholecystectomy now diagnosed with gallbladder fossa abscess infected with , a low-virulence pathogen typically seen in iatrogenic urinary tract infections. Subsequent conjoint percutaneous drainage and long-term antibiotics resulted in both clinical and radiological improvement for the patient.

Duodenal Adenocarcinoma in the Setting of Bariatric Surgery: A Perfect Storm for Wernicke's Encephalopathy.

Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a condition resulting from thiamine deficiency that typically presents with acute neurologic symptoms including ataxia, eye movement disorders, and altered mental status. Though classically seen in patients with alcohol use disorder, it can also occur as a complication of bariatric surgery and gastrointestinal cancers. Here, we present a patient with a history of gastric band surgery and an intact alimentary tract.

Single-Stage Titanium Mesh Cranioplasty for the Treatment of Depressed Skull Fractures.

Background: Historically, depressed skull fractures that warranted surgery were treated in 2 stages: the first stage involved debridement and craniectomy, followed by the second stage of delayed cranioplasty. More recently, single-stage autologous cranioplasty has been proven to be safe. However, there is a paucity of literature regarding single-stage titanium mesh cranioplasty when autologous repair is not possible.

High susceptibility of (Acari: Tetranychidae), an emergent pest of the tropical crop , towards and strains.

Background: The mite is considered to be an emerging pest of various crops in tropical countries. It is one of the most detrimental pests in the papaya orchards of some regions of México. The current field control of spp.

Compliance with venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis guidelines in non-operative traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To determine the level of compliance of The American College of Surgeons (ACS) Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) for initiation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis after non-operative traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the explanation for the deviations.

Methods: A retrospective review from May 2018 to February 2020 in a Level II trauma center for patients with TBI and length of stay of more than 24 h. We performed an analysis of overall and subgroup compliance with guidelines.

Transseptal interforniceal endoscopic removal of superiorly recessed colloid cysts.

Objective: Transforaminal endoscopic colloid cyst resection is well described. However, some anatomical colloid cyst variants may warrant a modified approach. Rarely, colloid cysts separate the forniceal columns and grow superiorly within the leaflets of the septum pellucidum.

Availability and Readability of Spinal Cord Injury Online Information Materials for Spanish Speaking Population in Neurosurgical Academic Programs: A Nationwide Study.

Background: Recent publications have demonstrated that information has been transmitted inappropriately to the lay person in different pathologies. This limitation is also observed in Spanish language. We evaluate the availability and readability of online patient education material (PEM) on spinal cord injury (SCI) information for the Spanish-speaking population from academic neurosurgery residency programs in the United States.

Use of emerging technologies to enhance the treatment paradigm for spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage.

The presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) portends a worse prognosis in patients presenting with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Intraventricular hemorrhage increases the rates of hydrocephalus, ventriculitis, and long-term shunt dependence. Over the past decade, novel medical devices and protocols have emerged to directly treat IVH.

Quadriplegia, an Unusual Outcome After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Case Report.

Case: A 68-year-old woman who underwent a C5 to C6 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery presented with new-onset postoperative quadriplegia. During discectomy, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring alerted of a spinal cord (SC) dysfunction. The surgery was halted, and measures to ensure adequate SC perfusion were initiated.

Initial Experience With a Full Endoscopic Facet Fusion in Combination With Endoscopic Interbody Fusion.

Background Facet fusion has been described in open and minimally invasive approaches to promote fusion. Our objective is to describe the technique of an endoscopic facet decortication and allograft placement as an adjunct to an interbody fusion. Methodology This was a descriptive analysis of patients who underwent endoscopic interbody fusion combined with facet fusion and percutaneous screw placement.

Colloid cysts of the third ventricle in children.

Objective: The rarity of colloid cysts in children makes it difficult to characterize this entity and offer meaningful advice on treatment. Infrequent case reports exist, but to date there has been no age-specific assessment. The purpose of this study was to define any differences between children and adults who are evaluated and treated for colloid cysts of the third ventricle.

Time from image acquisition to endovascular team notification: a new target for enhancing acute stroke workflow.

Objective: To quantify the time between initial image acquisition (CT angiography (CTA)) and notification of the neuroendovascular surgery (NES) team, a potentially high yield time window to target for optimization of endovascular thrombectomy (ET) treatment times.

Methods: We reviewed our multihospital database for all patients with a stroke with emergent large vessel occlusion treated with ET between January 1, 2017 and August 5, 2020. We dichotomized patients into rapid (≤20 min) and delayed (>20 min) notification times and analyzed treatment characteristics and outcomes.

Functional Outcome After Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Evacuation of Thalamic Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating form of stroke, with thalamic hemorrhages carrying the worst outcomes. Minimally invasive (MIS) endoscopic ICH evacuation is a promising new therapy for the condition. However, it remains unclear whether therapy success is location dependent.

Trials in thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: Describing the state of clinical research in the field.

Background: Endovascular thrombectomy has revolutionized treatment of ischemic stroke. Given the clinical and socioeconomic support for thrombectomy, new devices, procedures, and pharmaceuticals have emerged in recent years, and have been subject to a growing number of clinical trials worldwide.

Objective: To define the current state of thrombectomy clinical trials, highlight recent trends, and help guide future research in this area.

Transpedicular Approach for Ventral Epidural Abscess Evacuation in the Cervical Spine.

Objective: Spinal epidural abscess may require prompt surgical intervention. Ventral cervical abscesses pose a particular challenge regarding the approach for surgical evacuation. The aim of this article was to describe the technical nuances of a posterior transpedicular cervical approach for evacuation of a ventral epidural abscess.