Identifying Risk Factors for Presarcopenia in Early Middle Age.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether risk factors for presarcopenia can be identified in a sample of early middle-aged men and women.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Longitudinal data from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study were used to investigate the relationship between presarcopenia at age 45 years and selected early markers at ages 26, 32, and 38 years.

Muscle Quality in Older Adults: A Scoping Review.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to map out currently available definitions and assessment methods of muscle quality in older adults.

Design: Scoping review.

Setting And Participants: All available studies.

Using minimal clinically important differences to measure long-term transitions of osteosarcopenia: The New Mexico Aging Process Study.

Background/objective: By having a better understanding of transitions in osteosarcopenia, interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality can be better targeted. The aim of this study was to show the rationale and method of using minimal clinically important differences (MCID's) to classify transitions, and the effects of demographic variables on transitions in a 9-year follow-up data from the New Mexico Aging Process Study (NMAPS).

Methods: Transitions were identified in four aspects of osteosarcopenia: bone mineral density (BMD), appendicular skeletal muscle mass/body mass index ratio (ASM/BMI), grip strength and gait speed.

The Australian and New Zealand Society for Sarcopenia and Frailty Research (ANZSSFR) sarcopenia diagnosis and management task force: Findings from the consumer expert Delphi process.

Objectives: To develop guidelines, informed by health-care consumer values and preferences, for sarcopenia prevention, assessment and management for use by clinicians and researchers in Australia and New Zealand.

Methods: A three-phase Consumer Expert Delphi process was undertaken between July 2020 and August 2021. Consumer experts included adults with lived experience of sarcopenia or health-care utilisation.

High-intensity interval aerobic and resistance training to counteract low relative lean soft tissue mass in middle age: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function begins in early middle age, yet research to date has focused on older individuals, limiting our understanding of interventions earlier in the lifespan. To date, no high-intensity interval training studies have been conducted in middle-aged adults with low relative lean soft tissue mass.

Methods: Eighty-two middle-aged adults (40-50 years of age) with low appendicular lean soft tissue mass index confirmed with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were randomly allocated (1:1) to group-based, 20-week, three times a week, high-intensity aerobic and resistance training (HIART) program or 60-min education session (Control).

Consensus guidelines for sarcopenia prevention, diagnosis and management in Australia and New Zealand.

Background: Sarcopenia is an age-associated skeletal muscle condition characterized by low muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. There is no international consensus on a sarcopenia definition and no contemporaneous clinical and research guidelines specific to Australia and New Zealand. The Australian and New Zealand Society for Sarcopenia and Frailty Research (ANZSSFR) Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Management Task Force aimed to develop consensus guidelines for sarcopenia prevention, assessment, management and research, informed by evidence, consumer opinion, and expert consensus, for use by health professionals and researchers in Australia and New Zealand.

Daily step volume and intensity moderate the association of sedentary time and cardiometabolic disease risk in community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the moderating effect of step count and peak cadence on the relationship of sedentary time and cardiometabolic disease risk in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 248 older adults aged 60-80 years without cardiovascular disease (66.0 ± 4.

Age- and sex-specific visceral fat reference cutoffs and their association with cardio-metabolic risk.

Background: Although excess visceral fat (VAT) is associated with numerous cardio-metabolic risk factors, measurement of this fat depot has historically been difficult. Recent dual X-ray absorptiometry approaches have provided an accessible estimate of VAT that has shown acceptable validity against gold standard methods. The aims of this study were to (i) evaluate DXA measured VAT as a predictor of elevated blood lipids and blood pressure and (ii) calculate thresholds associated with these cardio-metabolic risk factors.

High-Intensity Interval Aerobic Resistance Training to Counteract Low Relative Appendicular Lean Soft Tissue Mass in Middle Age: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function and may exist in early middle age. Previous research in this area has focused on resistance training in older individuals; however, there is a lack of intervention trials in middle-aged adults with low relative appendicular lean soft tissue mass who may be at risk for sarcopenia in older age.

Objective: This randomized controlled trial aims to determine the effects of a high-intensity interval aerobic resistance training intervention on appendicular lean soft tissue mass in middle-aged adults with low relative appendicular lean soft tissue mass.

General lifestyle interventions on their own seem insufficient to improve the level of physical activity after stroke or TIA: a systematic review.

Background: Insufficient amounts of physical activity is a risk factor for (recurrent) stroke. People with a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) have a high risk of recurrent stroke and have lower levels of physical activity than their healthy peers. Though several reviews have looked at the effects of lifestyle interventions on a number of risk factors of recurrent stroke, the effectiveness of these interventions to increase the amounts of physical activity performed by people with stroke or TIA are still unclear.

Sarcopenia in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: The association with self-reported fatigue, physical function and obesity.

Aim: To determine if there is an association between sarcopenia, physical function and self-reported fatigue in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of measurements from a cohort of 157 participants with OA or RA was performed. The relationship between muscle mass (appendicular muscle index (AMI)), physical function (timed up and go, 30-seconds sit-to-stand test, 40-meter fast-paced walk test and grip-strength) and two fatigue measures (Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) and a fatigue Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)) was explored using hierarchical linear regression or logistic regression with established AMI cut-offs for sarcopenia.

Exercise interventions in healthy older adults with sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To systematically assess the effects of exercise interventions on body composition and functional outcomes in older adults with sarcopenia.

Methods: PubMed/Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched from 2006 to 2017 for exercise randomised controlled trials and controlled clinical trials in adults 60 years and older with sarcopenia. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol (PRISMA-P) and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale assessed internal validity.