Lifetime Dual Disorder Screening and Treatment Retention: A Pilot Cohort Study.

The coexistence of a substance use disorder and another mental disorder in the same individual has been called dual disorder or dual diagnosis. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of lifetime dual disorder in individuals with alcohol or cocaine use disorder and their retention in treatment. We conducted a pilot cohort study of individuals (n = 1356) with alcohol or cocaine use disorder admitted to treatment in the public outpatient services of Barcelona (Spain) from January 2015 to August 2017 (followed-up until February 2018).

Antidepressant Medication Prescribing Practices for Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the prescribing practices of clinicians for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: This population-based, descriptive study of insured patients (N=54,107) identified people who were 18 years or older, had a claim for MDD, had at least one prescription for an antidepressant medication in 2013, and had continuous insurance coverage during the study period. Prescription claims were evaluated to determine the most commonly prescribed antidepressant medication and most common dose.

Physical activity as a coping strategy for smoking cessation in mid-life and older adults.

Smoking prevalence for those ages 45-65 is higher than the national average and the number of mid-life and older smokers is expected to increase as baby boomers age. Cessation, even after age 65, confers health benefits. Both physiologic and psychological mechanisms support use of physical activity (PA) as a coping tool for quitting and improving health.

Cancer-related stress and complementary and alternative medicine: a review.

A cancer diagnosis elicits strong psychophysiological reactions that characterize stress. Stress is experienced by all patients but is usually not discussed during patient-healthcare professional interaction; thus underdiagnosed, very few are referred to support services. The prevalence of CAM use in patients with history of cancer is growing.

Simultaneous absolute measures of glabrous skin hemodynamic and light-scattering change in response to formalin injection in rats.

Subcutaneous injection of formalin is a well-known model to study the nature of inflammatory pain. One of the cardinal signs of inflammation is redness, as a result of increased blood perfusion. We used an optical technology, light reflectance spectroscopy, to noninvasively obtain absolute measures of cutaneous hemodynamic components, including the concentrations of oxy- ([HbO]), deoxy- ([Hb]), total-hemoglobin ([HbT]), oxygen saturation (SO(2)), and the reduced light-scattering coefficient (μs').

Contributions of dorsal root reflex and axonal reflex to formalin-induced inflammation.

The dorsal root reflex (DRR) and the axonal reflex (AR) are antidromic activities in primary afferents and are involved in neurogenic inflammation. DRRs and/or ARs lead to release of neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP). CGRP causes blood vessels to dilate leading to an increase in blood perfusion, whereas SP causes plasma extravasation, leading to edema.