Olive Oil: Production and Nutraceutical Effects on the Cardiovascular System in an In Vivo Rat Model of Metabolic Disorder.

Recently, there has been significant exploration into the utilization of food by-products as natural reservoirs of bioactive substances, particularly in the creation of functional foods naturally enriched with antioxidants. peels represent a viable option for formulating enhanced olive oils that contribute to a healthier diet, due to their bioactive compound content. This study aimed to (i) ascertain the compositional characteristics of olive oil (CrOO) and (ii) assess its nutraceutical properties in rats with metabolic disorder induced by 3 weeks of feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD).

The Citrus flavanone naringenin prolongs the lifespan in C. elegans and slows signs of brain aging in mice.

Aging is one of the main risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders, which represent a global burden on healthcare systems. Therefore, identifying new strategies to slow the progression of brain aging is a compelling challenge. In this article, we first assessed the potential anti-aging effects of the Citrus flavanone naringenin (NAR), an activator of the enzyme sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), in a 3R-compliant and short-lived aging model (i.

Hydrogen Sulfide and Irisin, Potential Allies in Ensuring Cardiovascular Health.

Irisin is a myokine secreted under the influence of physical activity and exposure to low temperatures and through different exogenous stimuli by the cleavage of its precursor, fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). It is mainly known for maintaining of metabolic homeostasis, promoting the browning of white adipose tissue, the thermogenesis process, and glucose homeostasis. Growing experimental evidence suggests the possible central role of irisin in the regulation of cardiometabolic pathophysiological processes.

The isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis: A biochemical and histological investigation.

The isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial fibrosis is considered a reliable and repeatable experimental model characterized by a relatively low mortality rate. Although is well-known that ISO stimulates the β1 adrenergic receptors at the myocardial level, a high degree of heterogeneity emerges around the doses and duration of the treatment generating unclear results. Therefore, we propose to gain insights into the progression of ISO-induced myocardial fibrosis, in order to critically analyze and optimize the experimental model.

Role of mitochondrial potassium channels in ageing.

Ageing is described as an inevitable decline in body functions over time and an increase in susceptibility to age-related diseases. Therefore, the increase of life expectancy is also viewed as a condition in which many elderly will develop age-related diseases and disabilities, such as cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological and oncological ones. Currently, several recognized cellular hallmarks of senescence are taken in consideration to evaluate the level of biological ageing and are the topic to plan preventive/curative anti-ageing interventions, including genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Improved Cardiovascular Effects of a Novel Pomegranate Byproduct Extract Obtained through Hydrodynamic Cavitation.

The healthy properties of pomegranate fruit, a highly consumed food, have been known for a long time. However, the pomegranate supply chain is still rather inefficient, with the non-edible fraction, whose weight is roughly half the total and is endowed with plenty of valuable bioactive compounds, either disposed of or underutilized. A novel extract obtained from non-edible byproducts (called PPE), using hydrodynamic cavitation, a green, efficient, and scalable technique, was investigated for its cardiovascular effects in vivo.

Role of hydrogen sulfide in the regulation of lipid metabolism: Implications on cardiovascular health.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as an urgency for health and a social emergency. Today around 39 % of people is overweight, of these over 13 % is obese. It is well-consolidated that the adipose cells are deputy to lipid storage under caloric excess; however, despite the classical idea that adipose tissue has exclusively a passive function, now it is known to be deeply involved in the regulation of systemic metabolism in physiological as well as under obesogenic conditions, with consequences on cardiovascular health.

Sirtuin 1-activating derivatives belonging to the anilinopyridine class displaying cardioprotective activities.

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an enzyme that relies on NAD cofactor and functions as a deacetylase. It has been associated with various biological and pathological processes, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that compounds that activate SIRT1 exhibit protective effects on the heart.

Erucin Exerts Cardioprotective Effects on Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through the Modulation of mitoKATP Channels.

Modulation of mitochondrial K channels represents a pharmacological strategy to promote cardioprotective effects. Isothiocyanates emerge as molecules capable of releasing hydrogen sulfide (HS), an endogenous pleiotropic gasotransmitter responsible for anti-ischemic cardioprotective effects also through the involvement of mitoK channels. Erucin (ERU) is a natural isothiocyanate resulting from the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates (GSLs) present in Mill.

Anti-Proliferative Properties of the Novel Hybrid Drug Met-ITC, Composed of the Native Drug Metformin with the Addition of an Isothiocyanate HS Donor Moiety, in Different Cancer Cell Lines.

Metformin (Met) is the first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus but, in last few years, it has also been evaluated as anti-cancer agent. Several pathways, such as AMPK or PI3K/Akt/mTOR, are likely to be involved in the anti-cancer Met activity. In addition, hydrogen sulfide (HS) and HS donors have been described as anti-cancer agents affecting cell-cycle and inducing apoptosis.

Plants and Mushrooms as Possible New Sources of HS Releasing Sulfur Compounds.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS), known for many decades exclusively for its toxicity and the smell of rotten eggs, has been re-discovered for its pleiotropic effects at the cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular level. Therefore, great attention is being paid to the discovery of molecules able to release HS in a smart manner, i.e.

An Overview of the Health Benefits, Extraction Methods and Improving the Properties of Pomegranate.

Pomegranate ( L.) is a polyphenol-rich edible food and medicinal plant of ancient origin, containing flavonols, anthocyanins, and tannins, with ellagitannins as the most abundant polyphenols. In the last decades, its consumption and scientific interest increased, due to its multiple beneficial effects.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of the Natural HS-Donor Erucin in Vascular Endothelium.

Vascular inflammation (VI) represents a pathological condition that progressively affects the integrity and functionality of the vascular wall, thus leading to endothelial dysfunction and the onset of several cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the research of novel compounds able to prevent VI represents a compelling need. In this study, we tested erucin, the natural isothiocyanate HS-donor derived from Mill.

Flavonoids as new regulators of mitochondrial potassium channels: contribution to cardioprotection.

Objectives: Acute myocardial ischemia is one of the major causes of illness in western society. Reduced coronary blood supply leads to cell death and loss of cardiomyocyte population, resulting in serious and often irreversible consequences on myocardial function. Mitochondrial potassium (mitoK) channels have been identified as fine regulators of mitochondrial function and, consequently, in the metabolism of the whole cell, and in the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotection.

Luteolin-Induced Activation of Mitochondrial BK Channels: Undisclosed Mechanism of Cytoprotection.

Luteolin (LUT) is a well-known flavonoid that exhibits a number of beneficial properties. Among these, it shows cardioprotective effects, as confirmed by numerous studies. However, its effect on mitochondrial potassium channels, the activation of which is related to cytoprotection, as well as on heart ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage prevention, has not yet been investigated.

Sirtuin 1-Activating Compounds: Discovery of a Class of Thiazole-Based Derivatives.

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD-dependent deacetylase implicated in various biological and pathological processes, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, SIRT1-activating compounds have been demonstrated to exert cardioprotective effects. Therefore, this enzyme has become a feasible target to treat cardiovascular diseases, and many SIRT1 activators, of a natural or synthetic origin, have been identified.

Cardioprotective Effects of Grapefruit IntegroPectin Extracted via Hydrodynamic Cavitation from By-Products of Fruits Industry: Role of Mitochondrial Potassium Channels.

flavonoids are well-known for their beneficial effects at the cardiovascular and cardio-metabolic level, but often the encouraging in vitro results are not confirmed by in vivo approaches; in addition, the clinical trials are also inconsistent. Their limited bioavailability can be, at least in part, the reason for these discrepancies. Therefore, many efforts have been made towards the improvement of their bioavailability.

The Efficacy of Defatted Seed Meal against Colitis-Induced Persistent Visceral Hypersensitivity: The Relevance of PPAR α Receptor Activation in Pain Relief.

are natural sources of bioactive compounds able to promote gut health. Belonging to this plant family, is an ancient oil crop rich in glucosinolates, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidants that is attracting renewed attention for its nutraceutical potential. This work aimed at investigating the therapeutic effects of a defatted seed meal (DSM) of on the colon damage and the persistent visceral hypersensitivity associated with colitis in rats.

Inhibitors of Mitochondrial Human Carbonic Anhydrases VA and VB as a Therapeutic Strategy against Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Mice.

Neuropathy development is a major dose-limiting side effect of anticancer treatments that significantly reduces patient's quality of life. The inadequate pharmacological approaches for neuropathic pain management warrant the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Mitochondrial dysfunctions that lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase, cytosolic Ca imbalance, and lactate acidosis are implicated in neuropathic pain pathogenesis.

Cardiovascular benefits of Eruca sativa mill. Defatted seed meal extract: Potential role of hydrogen sulfide.

Eruca sativa Mill. is an edible plant belonging to the Brassicaceae botanical family with a long story as a medicinal material, mainly linked to the presence of glucoerucin. One of the main products of this glucosinolate is erucin, a biologicallly active isothiocyanate recently recognized as a hydrogen sulfide (H S) donor.

New Synthetic Analogues of Natural Polyphenols as Sirtuin 1-Activating Compounds.

NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 regulates many different biological processes, thus being involved in pathogenic conditions such as metabolic diseases, neurogenerative disorders and cancer. Notably, experimental evidence underlined that the activation of SIRT1 had promising cardioprotective effects. Consequently, many efforts have been so far devoted to finding new SIRT1 activators, both derived from natural sources or prepared by synthetic procedures.

Beneficial Effects of Defatted Seed Meal on Visceral Pain and Intestinal Damage Resulting from Colitis in Rats.

Most therapies used in patients affected by inflammatory bowel diseases are ineffective in preventing the development of chronic visceral hypersensitivity, mainly due to inflammation-induced enteric neuroplasticity. Glucosinolates, secondary metabolites mainly of with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, are effective in treating both neuropathic and arthritis pain through HS release and Kv7 potassium channel activation. The aim of this work was to investigate the protective and anti-hyperalgesic efficacy of a defatted seed meal from Mill.

Supplementation of Enriched Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and CLA Cheese on High Fat Diet: Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Fat Profile.

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between dietary fat intake and the onset of several metabolic diseases. This association is particularly evident in a diet rich in saturated fatty acids, typical of animal foods, such as dairy products. However, these foods are the main source of fatty acids with a proven nutraceutical effect, such as the ω-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid (ALA) and the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which have demonstrated important roles in the prevention of various diseases.

Kv7.4 channels regulate potassium permeability in neuronal mitochondria.

Mitochondrial K permeability regulates neuronal apoptosis, energy metabolism, autophagy, and protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Kv7.4 channels have been recently shown to regulate K permeability in cardiac mitochondria and exert cardioprotective effects.

Highly Active Cranberry's Polyphenolic Fraction: New Advances in Processing and Clinical Applications.

Cranberry is a fruit originally from New England and currently growing throughout the east and northeast parts of the USA and Canada. The supplementation of cranberry extracts as nutraceuticals showed to contribute to the prevention of urinary tract infections, and most likely it may help to prevent cardiovascular and gastroenteric diseases, as highlighted by several clinical trials. However, aiming to validate the efficacy and safety of clinical applications as long-term randomized clinical trials (RCTs), further investigations of the mechanisms of action are required.