Using Ground Penetrating Radar to Reveal Hidden Archaeology: The Case Study of the Württemberg-Stambol Gate in Belgrade (Serbia).

This paper presents the results of a research study where ground penetrating radar (GPR) was successfully used to reveal the remains of the Württemberg-Stambol Gate in the subsurface of Republic Square, in Belgrade, Serbia. GPR investigations were carried out in the context of renovation works in the square, which involved rearranging traffic control, expanding the pedestrian zone, renewing the surface layer, and valorising existing archaeological structures. The presence of the gate remains was suggested by historical documents and information from previous restoration works.

Through-wall electromagnetic scattering by N conducting cylinders.

A spectral-domain analysis is presented for the scattering by perfectly conducting cylindrical objects behind a dielectric wall. The solution is developed with an analytical-numerical technique, based on the cylindrical wave approach. Suitable cylindrical functions and their spectral representations are introduced as basis functions for the scattered fields, to deal with their interaction with the planar interfaces bounding the wall.

Spectral domain method for the electromagnetic scattering by a buried sphere.

A rigorous method to analyze the electromagnetic scattering of an elliptically polarized plane wave by a sphere buried in a dielectric half-space, is presented. The electric field components of the incident and the scattered monochromatic plane waves are expanded in series of vectorial spherical harmonics, with unknown expansion coefficients. The scattered-reflected and scattered-transmitted fields are computed by exploiting the plane-wave spectrum of the scattered field, considering the reflection and transmission of each elementary plane wave by the interface.

Scattering by dielectric circular cylinders in a dielectric slab.

An analytical-numerical technique for the solution of the plane-wave scattering problem by a set of dielectric cylinders embedded in a dielectric slab is presented. Scattered fields are expressed by means of expansions into cylindrical functions, and the concept of plane-wave spectrum of a cylindrical function is employed to define reflection and transmission through the planar interfaces. Multiple reflection phenomena due to the presence of a layered geometry are taken into account.