Cell type-dependent modulation of senescence features using Weo electrolyzed water.

Electrolyzed-reduced water has powerful antioxidant properties with constituents that scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to be produced by several intrinsic and extrinsic processes. When there is an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses, oxidative stress occurs. Persistent oxidative stress leads to cellular senescence, an important hallmark of aging, and is involved in several age-related conditions and illnesses.

Optimisation and Validation of a Nutritional Intervention to Enhance Sleep Quality and Quantity.

Background: Disturbed sleep may negatively influence physical health, cognitive performance, metabolism, and general wellbeing. Nutritional interventions represent a potential non-pharmacological means to increase sleep quality and quantity.

Objective: (1) Identify an optimal suite of nutritional ingredients and (2) validate the effects of this suite utilising polysomnography, and cognitive and balance tests.

Dietary nitrate supplementation improves sprint and high-intensity intermittent running performance.

Unlabelled: The influence of dietary nitrate (NO) supplementation on indices of maximal sprint and intermittent exercise performance is unclear.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of NO supplementation on sprint running performance, and cognitive function and exercise performance during the sport-specific Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 1 test (IR1).

Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, crossover study, 36 male team-sport players received NO-rich (BR; 70 mL·day; 6.

Dose-dependent effects of dietary nitrate on the oxygen cost of moderate-intensity exercise: Acute vs. chronic supplementation.

Purpose: To investigate whether chronic supplementation with a low or moderate dose of dietary nitrate (NO3(-)) reduces submaximal exercise oxygen uptake (V˙O2) and to assess whether or not this is dependent on acute NO3(-) administration prior to exercise.

Methods: Following baseline tests, 34 healthy subjects were allocated to receive 3 mmol NO3(-), 6 mmol NO3(-) or placebo. Two hours following the first ingestion, and after 7, 28 and 30 days of supplementation, subjects completed two moderate-intensity step exercise tests.

Pancreatic islet vasculature adapts to insulin resistance through dilation and not angiogenesis.

Pancreatic islets adapt to insulin resistance through a complex set of changes, including β-cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy. To determine if islet vascularization changes in response to insulin resistance, we investigated three independent models of insulin resistance: ob/ob, GLUT4(+/-), and mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Intravital blood vessel labeling and immunocytochemistry revealed a vascular plasticity in which islet vessel area was significantly increased, but intraislet vessel density was decreased as the result of insulin resistance.

Long term effects of high fat or high carbohydrate diets on glucose tolerance in mice with heterozygous carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a (CPT-1a) deficiency: Diet influences on CPT1a deficient mice.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal fatty acid metabolism is an important feature in the mechanisms of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a (CPT-1a, liver isoform) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. We investigated the role of CPT-1a in the development of impaired glucose tolerance using a mouse model for CPT-1a deficiency when challenged by either a high-carbohydrate (HCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for a total duration of up to 46 weeks.

Glucose-dependent blood flow dynamics in murine pancreatic islets in vivo.

Pancreatic islets are highly vascularized and arranged so that regions containing beta-cells are distinct from those containing other cell types. Although islet blood flow has been studied extensively, little is known about the dynamics of islet blood flow during hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. To investigate changes in islet blood flow as a function of blood glucose level, we clamped blood glucose sequentially at hyperglycemic ( approximately 300 mg/dl or 16.

Real-time, multidimensional in vivo imaging used to investigate blood flow in mouse pancreatic islets.

The pancreatic islets of Langerhans are highly vascularized micro-organs that play a key role in the regulation of blood glucose homeostasis. The specific arrangement of endocrine cell types in islets suggests a coupling between morphology and function within the islet. Here, we established a line-scanning confocal microscopy approach to examine the relationship between blood flow and islet cell type arrangement by real-time in vivo imaging of intra-islet blood flow in mice.

Homozygous carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (liver isoform) deficiency is lethal in the mouse.

To better understand carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (liver isoform, gene=Cpt-1a, protein=CPT-1a) deficiency in human disease, we developed a gene knockout mouse model. We used a replacement gene targeting strategy in ES cells that resulted in the deletion of exons 11-18, thus producing a null allele. Homozygous deficient mice (CPT-1a -/-) were not viable.

Estradiol may limit lipid oxidation via Cpt 1 expression and hormonal mechanisms.

Objective: Evidence indicates that estrogen depresses hepatic lipid oxidation. We tested the hypothesis that estradiol (E(2)) treatment depresses transcription of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (Cpt 1) mRNA and increases adiposity.

Research Methods And Procedures: Six ovariectomized female rats were given a subcutaneous pellet of E(2) (5 mg/d), and six were given placebo.