Poly-L-Lactic Acid for Gluteal Augmentation found to be Safe and Effective in Retrospective Clinical Review of 60 Patients.

Background: Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is a well-established biostimulator that induces neocollagenesis, allowing for volume loss correction. Although PLLA is FDA approved to treat mid-to-lower facial wrinkling, it has grown increasingly popular as a nonsurgical, minimally invasive procedure for soft-tissue volume augmentation of other extremities. However, research detailing PLLA buttock injections is still lacking.

Bifurcation of Patient Reviews: An Analysis of Trends in Online Ratings.

Background: Online reviews have become increasingly important drivers of healthcare decisions. Data published by the Pew Research Center from 2016 suggest that 84% of adult Americans use online rating sites to search for information about health issues. The authors sought to analyze physician reviews collected from a large online consumer rating site to better understand characteristics that are associated with positive and negative review behavior.

Female Genital and Vaginal Plastic Surgery: An Overview.

Learning Objectives: After studying this article and viewing the video, the participant should be able to: 1. Accurately describe the relevant aesthetic anatomy and terminology for common female genital plastic surgery procedures. 2.

Minimally Invasive Facial Cosmetic Procedures.

Minimally invasive procedures including neurotoxins, dermal fillers, deoxycholic acid, lasers, peels, and microneedling offer powerful, less permanent adjuncts to surgery that are highly effective in select patients. Injectables and skin resurfacing techniques target facial irregularities including wrinkles and fine lines, decrease in volume and contour, and unwanted fat. Determining the best approach for a given patient involves careful consideration of the patient's health conditions, unique anatomic characteristics, tissue quality, and desired results.

Surgical Cosmetic Procedures of the Face.

Surgical techniques for cosmetic facial rejuvenation, antiaging concerns, and the optimization of facial beauty can be nuanced and complex. Generally speaking, surgical interventions, including facelift, necklift, blepharoplasty, and rhinoplasty, are the gold standard approaches for the enhancement of facial features. A detailed understanding of facial anatomy, aesthetics, and techniques is necessary to master these approaches.

A novel technique of preserving internal mammary artery perforators in nipple sparing breast reconstruction.

As nipple-sparing mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction has increased, attention must be paid to the viability of the nipple-areolar complex. This article describes the use of preoperative Doppler ultrasound to identify the internal mammary artery perforators. Preserving the internal mammary artery improves vascular supply to the nipple-areolar complex.

Frailty as a predictor of surgical outcomes in older patients.

Background: Preoperative risk assessment is important yet inexact in older patients because physiologic reserves are difficult to measure. Frailty is thought to estimate physiologic reserves, although its use has not been evaluated in surgical patients. We designed a study to determine if frailty predicts surgical complications and enhances current perioperative risk models.

How to measure the quality of surgery-related web sites.

Appropriateness and adequacy of health information on the Internet varies. Given there is no validated instrument for web site evaluation focusing on elective general surgical procedures, our goal was to create a composite score as a web site quality rating system. The components of a composite score were developed through a literature review and included Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality guidelines of "Having Surgery? What You Need to Know" and previously published health-related web site scales.

What is the quality of surgery-related information on the internet? Lessons learned from a standardized evaluation of 10 common operations.

Background: Although there is high-quality information on the Internet, it is difficult for patients to identify high-quality Web sites from those with inaccurate or misleading information. Our goal was to determine specific characteristics of Web search results that yield high-quality information and can be discerned easily by patients.

Study Design: A validated rating system was used to evaluate surgical Web sites for appropriateness and adequacy.

Microwave ablation in a hepatic porcine model: correlation of CT and histopathologic findings.

Background: Thermal ablative techniques have gained increasing popularity in recent years as safe and effective options for patients with unresectable solid malignancies. Microwave ablation has emerged as a relatively new technique with the promise of larger and faster burns without some of the limitations of radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Here we study a new microwave ablation device in a living porcine model using gross, histologic, and radiographic analysis.

The pathogenesis of burn wound conversion.

Objective: Burn wound progression is a poorly understood process by which certain superficial partial-thickness burns spontaneously advance into deep partial-thickness or full-thickness wounds. Progression of an injury into deeper tissue is an important phenomenon in the treatment of thermal injury due to the fact that burn wound depth may be a significant determinant of morbidity and treatment. This article reviews current knowledge of the pathogenesis, molecular and cellular mechanisms, local and systemic factors, and treatment modalities related to wound conversion.

Modalities for the assessment of burn wound depth.

Objective: Burn wound depth is a significant determinant of patient treatment and morbidity. While superficial partial-thickness burns generally heal by re-epithelialization with minimal scarring, deeper wounds can form hypertrophic or contracted scars, often requiring surgical excision and grafting to prevent a suboptimal result. In addition, without timely intervention, more superficial burn wounds can convert to deeper wounds.

Posterior dislocation in a voluntary subluxator: a case report.

Purpose: Posterior instability of the shoulder is an uncommon occurrence. Its etiology has been classified as traumatic or atraumatic and its type as voluntary (individual can subluxate the shoulder posteriorly) or involuntary. Typically, patients with posterior voluntary instability do not have a history of trauma, can be treated successfully with physical therapy; and undergo surgery if the instability becomes symptomatic or develops an involuntary component.

Substrate specificity of type III flagellar protein export in Salmonella is controlled by subdomain interactions in FlhB.

FlhB, an integral membrane protein, gates the type III flagellar export pathway of Salmonella. It permits export of rod/hook-type proteins before hook completion, whereupon it switches specificity to recognize filament-type proteins. The cytoplasmic C-terminal domain of FlhB (FlhBC) is cleaved between Asn-269 and Pro-270, defining two subdomains: FlhBCN and FlhBCC.