Mechanisms of Cerebral Microbleeds.

Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are a common MRI finding, representing underlying cerebral microhemorrhages (CMH). The etiology of CMB and microhemorrhages is obscure. We conducted a pathological investigation of CMH, combining standard and immunohistological analyses of postmortem human brains.

The Medial Pontine Mid-Tegmentum Syndrome.

Isolated pontine infarcts are common and are often associated with well-described syndromes that are classified based on their specific clinical presentation and arterial stroke territories. Here we present a case of acute combined diplopia and unilateral lower extremity sensory abnormality. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed a punctate area of acute ischemia in the right medial pontine mid-tegmentum.

Bihemisphere Ischemia Due to a Unilateral Lesion: A Case Report.

Bihemispheric ischemic strokes secondary to unilateral vessel disease are uncommon. We present the case of a 70-year-old man with multiple acute/subacute bilateral infarcts. The patient was found to have stenosis of the left internal carotid artery secondary to herpes zoster ophthalmicus vasculopathy, with involvement of the left proximal middle and anterior cerebral arteries.

Bilateral Limb-Shaking Transient Ischemic Attacks.

Limb shaking is a rare manifestation of transient ischemic attacks (TIA) associated with carotid occlusion, mostly unilateral events. We describe the case of a 69 year-old man who presented with repeated episodes of irregular jerking movements in the bilateral upper and lower extremities, precipitated by standing up. Cerebral angiograms revealed occlusion of both internal carotid arteries, and the patient's symptoms responded to targeted blood pressure management.