Randomized Trial of Weight-Based Versus Fixed Limit High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Bronchiolitis.

Background: High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is increasingly used to treat bronchiolitis. Although lower HFNC rates (≤8 L per minute) are commonly employed, higher weight-based flows more effectively alleviate dyspnea. The impact of higher flows on the need for care escalation is unclear.

A novel deletion of IGF1 in a patient with idiopathic short stature provides insight Into IGF1 haploinsufficiency.

Context: Short stature is a common reason for referral to pediatric endocrinology centers. Frequently, the underlying etiology of short stature is unknown, resulting in a diagnosis of idiopathic short stature. Rare genetic defects in the GH/IGF-1 axis have been found to cause short stature.

Cellular responses to protein accumulation involve autophagy and lysosomal enzyme activation.

Protein oligomerization and aggregation are key events in age-related neurodegenerative disorders, causing neuronal disturbances including microtubule destabilization, transport failure and loss of synaptic integrity that precede cell death. The abnormal buildup of proteins can overload digestive systems and this, in turn, activates lysosomes in different disease states and stimulates the inducible class of lysosomal protein degradation, macroautophagy. These responses were studied in a hippocampal slice model well known for amyloidogenic species, tau aggregates, and ubiquitinated proteins in response to chloroquine-mediated disruption of degradative processes.