The Identification of a Novel Pathogenic Variant in the GATA6 Gene in a Child with Neonatal Diabetes.

GATA6 syndrome is a rare monogenic disorder caused by heterozygous variants in the gene , which controls the early embryonic differentiation of germ layers and the development of different organs. We present the results of the 7-year follow-up of a child with this syndrome as well as the following conditions: diabetes mellitus, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, gallbladder atresia, and congenital heart disease (CHD). At birth, the patient was diagnosed with neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) associated with heart (mitral valve prolapse) and gastrointestinal abnormalities (gallbladder atresia).

[Main epidemiological indicators of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in the Russian Federation for 2014-2023].

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common form of diabetes mellitus in childhood, where, unlike in adults, it accounts for more than 90% of all cases of diabetes. The constant change in the epidemiology of T1DM with significant differences in populations and regions requires systematic data collection and analysis for timely monitoring of T1DM trends.

Aim: Analysis of the main epidemiological indicators of T1DM in children in the Russian Federation over the past 10 years - from 2014 to 2023.

[Evaluation of FreeStyle Libre in pediatric t1dm: improved glycemic control, reduction in diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia].

Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) with glucometers provides only a snapshot of the glycemic profile and is accompanied by significant psychological discomfort and pain, especially in children. Flash Glucose Monitoring System - FreeStyle Libre (FSL) overcomes many of the barriers associated with glucose measurement and improves metabolic control.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of FSL in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in terms of glycemic control, episodes of severe hypoglycemia (SH) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Diabetes mellitus type 1 in children and adolescents in Moscow. Data from the Moscow Segment of the Federal Register of Diabetic Patients 2015-2020.

Background: Therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is still largely an unsolved clinical problem. Despite the introduction into clinical practice of modern insulin preparations, devices for its administration, as well as continuous monitoring of glucose levels, the goals of therapy are often not achieved. At the same time, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) notes an increase in the prevalence and incidence of T1DM in children and adolescents in the world.

Effect of Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine on Isolated Heart and Lymphatic Vessels.

Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH, heptyl) and its derivatives are used in the rocket and space industry as components of rocket fuel. UDMH is a highly toxic compound exhibiting irritant, hepatotoxic, and neurotoxic properties. In this study, the toxic effect of heptyl on isolated rat heart and lymphatic vessels was demonstrated.

[Remote monitoring and treatment of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes].

Rationale: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is an effective method for optimizing glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). However, the use of CSII does not always result in adequate glycemic control. Telehealth can be applied as one of the methods to improve the effectiveness of treatment.

[The efficacy of outpatient monitoring of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes with regular use of professional continuous glucose monitoring].

Background: According to research, only 38% of patients reach glycated hemoglobin targets. It is possible to improve the effectiveness of medical care for children with T1D using modern technologies, including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of outpatient monitoring of children and adolescents with T1D with regular use of professional continuous glucose monitoring.

Neural Dynamics Indicate Parallel Integration of Environmental and Self-Motion Information by Place and Grid Cells.

Place cells and grid cells in the hippocampal formation are thought to integrate sensory and self-motion information into a representation of estimated spatial location, but the precise mechanism is unknown. We simulated a parallel attractor system in which place cells form an attractor network driven by environmental inputs and grid cells form an attractor network performing path integration driven by self-motion, with inter-connections between them allowing both types of input to influence firing in both ensembles. We show that such a system is needed to explain the spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of place cell firing when rats run on a linear track in which the familiar correspondence between environmental and self-motion inputs is changed.

[Resolution on the results of the first working meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board «Actual problems of glycemic variability as a new criterion of glycemic control and safety of diabetes therapy»].

June 19, 2018 the meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board took place in Moscow, chaired by Professor G.R. Galstyan, (co-chair - A.

Automatic Human Sleep Stage Scoring Using Deep Neural Networks.

The classification of sleep stages is the first and an important step in the quantitative analysis of polysomnographic recordings. Sleep stage scoring relies heavily on visual pattern recognition by a human expert and is time consuming and subjective. Thus, there is a need for automatic classification.

[The use of ProstaDoz in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and coexistent high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia].

Introduction: In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the drug treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to improve the patients quality of life without surgical treatment. In this connection, phytotherapeutic drugs and biologically active dietary supplements (BADS), consisting of a combination of microelements, vitamins and plant extracts, have been increasingly used in addition to synthetic preparations.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effectiveness of dietary supplement ProstaDoz in the treatment of BPH with coexistent high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN).

[INFLUENCE OF Р-ENDORPHIN ON FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED RAT HEART].

We have studied the effect of Р-endorphin (an endogenous opioid peptide) on the functional characteristics of isolated rat heart. In physiological concentrations (6.3 X 10-10 M) Р-endorphin induces a negative inotropic effect, accompanied by a slight decrease in the heart rate, and has no effect on the perfusion pressure of the coronary vessels.

Crowdsourcing the creation of image segmentation algorithms for connectomics.

To stimulate progress in automating the reconstruction of neural circuits, we organized the first international challenge on 2D segmentation of electron microscopic (EM) images of the brain. Participants submitted boundary maps predicted for a test set of images, and were scored based on their agreement with a consensus of human expert annotations. The winning team had no prior experience with EM images, and employed a convolutional network.

[Effect of inert gas xenon on the functional state of nucleated cells of peripheral blood during freezing].

A new method of preservation of nucleated cells in the electric refrigerator with xenon. After slow freezing and storage is even one day at -80 °C persists for more than 60% leukocytes. Cell membranes are resistant to the vital dye.

The use of inert gas xenon for cryopreservation of leukocytes.

We studied the possibility of cryopreservation of human blood nuclear cells under protection with inert gas xenon. A method for inducing clathrate anabiosis of leukocytes was developed that preserved the cells for practical use in biology and medicine.

Influence of pectins on NADPH oxidase and phagocytic activity of neutrophils during cryopreservation.

NADPH oxidase activation was studied by detecting the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the dynamics of neutrophil phagocytic activity in blood before freezing and one day after exposure to -20 degrees C in the presence of pectic polysaccharides. Pectins (excluding lemnan) were found to increase the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, promote the formation of ROS in these cells and enhance NADPH oxidase activity in the following order: bergenan, comaruman, lemnan, apiuman, and potamogetonan. Cryoprotective action of lemnan and comaruman was proposed to be related to their unique chemical structures.

Anisotropic ssTEM image segmentation using dense correspondence across sections.

Connectomics based on high resolution ssTEM imagery requires reconstruction of the neuron geometry from histological slides. We present an approach for the automatic membrane segmentation in anisotropic stacks of electron microscopy brain tissue sections. The ambiguities in neuronal segmentation of a section are resolved by using the context from the neighboring sections.

[Preservation of leukocytes at moderately low temperature].

It was shown that the use of little toxic cold-protective containing the glycerol protector endocellular action, HES--protector exocellular action, and "restored" component of the succinate 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2- ethylpyridine preserves nuclear blood cells in a viable condition at -40 degrees C.

[Effect of short term graded physical exercise on the level of glycemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: data of long term ECG monitoring and registration of motor activity].

Study aim was to elucidate effect of graded physical exercise on glycemia level and interval QT duration in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. We carried out 25-hours parallel monitoring of glycemia, ECG and physical activity in 15 children and adolescents aged 9-17 years. During monitoring these patients performed an exercise test (PWC170).

[Leucocytes conservation in the near-zero temperature].

The intensive metabolism and fast exhaustion of an energy potential of nuclear blood cells at positive temperatures essentially reduce terms of their storage in a viable condition. However for the clinical purposes given thensfusion environment is the extremely necessary. The popular method of preservation of cells at ultralow temperature (-196 degrees C) is limited in application since assumes use of the liquid nitrogen, the special equipment, trained engineering personnel.

[Immunotherapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus: current state-of-the-art and prospects. Part 2].

This review summarizes experimental findings obtained in immunological studies of diabetes mellitus. Principal immunotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of diabetes are described. Putative mechanisms behind the development of immunotolerance are considered.

[Immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes: state-of-the-art and prospects. Part 1].

The review summarizes experimental data from immunological studies in diabetes. It presents the basic immunotherapeutic areas in diabetes and describes the proposed mechanism for developing immunological tolerance. On-going clinical studies are briefly overviewed.

[24-hours monitoring of ECG and glucose level for detection of relations between glycemia and QT interval duration in patients with type 1 diabetes].

Aim: To study correlations between glycemia and duration of ventricular repolarization in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Material And Methods: Parallel monitoring of ECG and glycemia was conducted in 43 type 1 MD patients (age 7-17 years, 12.8 +/- 2.