Evaluating the significance of Toxoplasma gondii sporozoite antibodies in cats: a pilot study.

Background: People can acquire Toxoplasma gondii infection by ingestion of sporulated oocysts passed in cat feces; whether this route is common in cats is unknown. The primary objectives of this study were to (a) adapt a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of T. gondii tachyzoite IgG antibodies in feline sera to detect T.

Evaluation of serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation in dogs seropositive for various vector-borne pathogens.

Background: Canine vector-borne diseases (VBDs) induce non-specific dysproteinemias, detectable by serum protein electrophoresis (SPE). VBDs have been reported to induce a monoclonal gammopathy pattern. Monoclonal gammopathies are commonly the result of paraprotein (M-protein) produced by an immunoglobulin-secreting neoplasm.

Particulate matter from wildfire smoke in northern Colorado appears to be associated with conjunctivitis in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate ocular surface parameters in dogs with normal eyes when exposed to 3 different air quality index (AQI) categories corresponding to levels of normal air pollutants ("good," 0 to 50; "moderate," 51 to 100) and wildfire smoke ("smoke," 101 to 150).

Animals: 15 privately owned dogs.

Methods: A prospective cohort study with dogs living in northern Colorado.

Comparison of Antiviral Immune Responses in Healthy Cats Induced by Two Immune Therapeutics.

Background: Effective immunotherapeutic agents for use in cats are needed to aid in the management of intractable viral diseases, including feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) infection. The objectives of this study were to compare two different immune stimulants for antiviral activity in cats: (1) TLR 2/6-activating compound polyprenyl immunostimulant; (PI) and (2) liposome Toll-like receptor 3/9 agonist complexes (LTCs) to determine relative abilities to stimulate the induction of type I (IFN-α, IFN-β) and type II (IFN-γ) interferon immune responses in vitro and to study the effects of treatment on immune responses in healthy cats.

Methods: Cytokine and cellular immune responses to PI and LTC were evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy cats incubated with LTC and PI at indicated concentrations using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays and ELISA assays.

Fipronil and (S)-methoprene can lessen the risk of transmission of Bartonella clarridgeiae among cats with exposure to Ctenocephalides felis.

Objective: To cohouse cats experimentally infected with Bartonella clarridgeiae (Bc) with naive cats in a flea-free environment or with Ctenocephalides felis, Bartonella henselae (Bh), Mycoplasma haemofelis, and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum to determine which flea could be a vector and to assess whether transmission of the infectious agents could be blocked by fipronil and (S)-methoprene.

Animals: Specific pathogen-free cats (n = 34).

Methods: In experiment 1, Bc was inoculated in 1 cat that was housed with 9 naive cats without C felis.

Single cell transcriptomic analysis of the canine duodenum in chronic inflammatory enteropathy and health.

Chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) is a common condition in dogs causing recurrent or persistent gastrointestinal clinical signs. Pathogenesis is thought to involve intestinal mucosal inflammatory infiltrates, but histopathological evaluation of intestinal biopsies from dogs with CIE fails to guide treatment, inform prognosis, or correlate with clinical remission. We employed single-cell RNA sequencing to catalog and compare the diversity of cells present in duodenal mucosal endoscopic biopsies from 3 healthy dogs and 4 dogs with CIE.

A case of mistaken identity: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and reinvestigation of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. infection in Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea).

Background: Feline-associated hemotropic Mycoplasma (hemoplasmas) are believed to be transmitted by two primary mechanisms: (1) direct transmission via fighting and (2) vector-borne transmission by the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis). While the efficiency of transmission by C. felis appears low, most manuscripts focus on the prevalence of hemoplasmas in wild-caught fleas and report either a very low (< 3%) or a high (> 26%) prevalence.

Pradofloxacin for Treatment of in Experimentally Inoculated Cats.

is associated with numerous clinical syndromes in people. Cats are the definitive hosts for , develop high levels of bacteremia, and are associated with human infections, particularly in the presence of . Several antibiotic protocols used for the treatment of infection in cats have failed to clear bacteremia.

Effects of canine influenza infection and DA2PP vaccination on the development of platelet-associated immunoglobulins and platelet counts in dogs.

Background: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is commonly associated with platelet-associated immunoglobulins (PAIg). Demonstration of PAIg can help determine etiologies for thrombocytopenia. In humans, ITP and thrombocytopenia have been associated with various vaccinations and influenza infections, respectively.

Effect of tamsulosin on urethral tone in healthy male cats.

Objectives: Alpha-adrenergic antagonists are commonly used to prevent recurrent urethral obstruction in cats with mixed reports of efficacy. No published data on tamsulosin use in cats are available. The objective of this study was to measure changes in urodynamic parameters and blood pressure in five healthy male cats before and after administration of tamsulosin orally for 4 and 10 days.

An international consensus study to identify "what" outcomes should be included in a core outcome set for endodontic treatments (COSET) for utilization in clinical practice and research.

Background: Development of a standardized set of topic-specific outcomes known as a Core Outcome Set (COS) is important to address issues of heterogeneity in reporting research findings in order to streamline evidence synthesis and clinical decision making.

Aim: The aim of the current international consensus study is to identify "what" outcomes to include in the Core Outcome Set for Endodontic Treatments (COSET). Outcomes of various endodontic treatments (non-surgical root canal treatment, surgical endodontics, vital pulp treatment and revitalization procedures) performed on permanent teeth were considered.

Total thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone responses of healthy cats to different doses of thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation can be used as a test of thyroid function and pituitary thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH) reserve, but optimal stimulation testing protocols in cats are unreported. We randomly divided 6 healthy young adult cats into 3 groups of 2 and administered 3 different intravenous doses of TRH (0.01, 0.

Efficacy of an elemental diet in achieving clinical remission in dogs with chronic enteropathy.

Background: Diet may induce clinical remission in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE). Elemental diets (EDs), providing protein as amino acids, modulate intestinal immunity and microbiome in rodents and humans.

Hypothesis: Evaluate the impact of an amino acid-based kibble (EL) on CE clinical activity and gastrointestinal (GI)-relevant variables.

The Effect of Dietary Protein Concentration on the Fecal Microbiome and Serum Concentrations of Gut-Derived Uremic Toxins in Healthy Adult Cats.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding healthy adult cats with foods containing variable protein concentrations on the fecal microbiome and serum concentrations of the gut-derived uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate, p-cresol sulfate (pCS), and trimethylamine-n-oxide. Twenty healthy young adult cats were randomized into two groups and fed either a low-protein diet (LPD; 7.4 g/100 kcal ME) or a high-protein diet (HPD; 11.

Perceptions of the Availability of Personal Protective Equipment and Its Association With Burnout Among US Healthcare Personnel During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic, 2020-2021.

Objective: The aim of the study is to explore associations among personal protective equipment (PPE) availability, workplace environment, and burnout among US healthcare personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The study used an online healthcare provider (HCP) survey (December 2020-February 2021) regarding PPE confidence, availability, burnout, and workplace environment.

Results: Lack of appropriate PPE was reported by 27% of 799 US HCP surveyed.

Sino-orbital aspergillosis with obstructive cervical lymphadenopathy in a cat caused by complex.

Case Summary: This report describes an indoor-only cat with a rare form of sino-orbital aspergillosis (SOA) with cervical lymphadenopathy causing local obstruction. Extensive work-up on initial presentation failed to identify the underlying etiology and the diagnosis was not determined until the disease progressed during a prolonged course of glucocorticoid therapy.

Relevance And Novel Information: SOA caused by complex is increasingly recognized as a significant cause of mortality in cats in recent years, with most cases reported in Australia, Europe and Asia.

The neutralising and stimulatory effects of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in human gingival fibroblasts.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of LL-37, a broad spectrum antimicrobial peptide expressed in periodontal tissues, on human gingival fibroblast responsiveness to microbial challenge and to explore the direct effects of LL-37 on human gingival fibroblasts.

Design: The effect of LL-37 on bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of Interleukin (IL-6) and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) 8 was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). LL-37's influence on bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced IκBα degradation was investigated by western blot.

Nanoparticle ocular immunotherapy for herpesvirus surface eye infections evaluated in cat infection model.

Ocular herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) infections can trigger conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, and occasionally retinitis, and is a major cause of blindness worldwide. The infections are lifelong and can often recrudesce during periods of stress or immune suppression. Currently HSV-1 infections of the eye are managed primarily with anti-viral eye drops, which require frequent administration, can cause irritation, and may take weeks for full resolution of symptoms.

Vector-borne and other pathogens of potential relevance disseminated by relocated cats.

Large populations of unowned cats constitute an animal welfare, ecological, societal and public health issue worldwide. Their relocation and homing are currently carried out in many parts of the world with the intention of relieving suffering and social problems, while contributing to ethical and humane population control in these cat populations. An understanding of an individual cat's lifestyle and disease status by veterinary team professionals and those working with cat charities can help to prevent severe cat stress and the spread of feline pathogens, especially vector-borne pathogens, which can be overlooked in cats.

Short-term postprandial changes in select serum biochemistry analytes in healthy adult cats.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude, duration and significance of postprandial changes to select serum biochemistry analytes in healthy adult cats in the 12 h period after a meal.

Methods: Nine adult research cats fed commercial food were included. Blood samples were taken after a 12 h fast (hour 0), cats were offered and consumed a meal, and postprandial samples were obtained over a 12 h period starting 2 h after the baseline blood draw (hours 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12).

Outcomes reporting in systematic reviews on revitalization: A scoping review for the development of a core outcome set.

Background: Revitalization is a type of regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) that offers the exciting prospect of revitalizing damaged tissue, therefore improving outcomes for non-vital immature teeth. To evaluate its potential, there needs to be consistency in outcome reporting of clinical studies investigating revitalization to allow for evidence synthesis and inform clinical decision making.

Objectives: The aim of this scoping review was to identify outcomes that are reported in systematic reviews on revitalization including how and when these outcomes are measured.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor from dogs with anterior uveitis and post-operative ocular hypertension following phacoemulsification, primary glaucoma, and normal healthy eyes.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor (AH) from dogs with anterior uveitis and post-operative ocular hypertension (POH) following phacoemulsification, in AH from dogs with primary glaucoma, and in normal healthy eyes with no signs of anterior uveitis or other ocular diseases.

Methods: An exploratory study including 21 samples of AH collected from 15 dogs; post-phacoemulsification with anterior uveitis and POH ('POH group', n = 10 samples), primary glaucoma ('glaucoma group', n = 6 samples), and normal ('normal group', n = 5 samples). Target mass spectrometry via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM-MS) with the Canine Cytokine SpikeMix™ as internal standard was used to measure the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.

Effect of repeated administration of a parenteral feline herpesvirus-1, calicivirus, and panleukopenia virus vaccine on select clinicopathologic, immunological, renal histologic, and immunohistochemical parameters in healthy adult cats.

Objective: To assess whether hyperinoculation of cats with a feline herpesvirus-1, calicivirus, and panleukopenia virus (FVRCP) vaccine could be used as a model to study interstitial nephritis and to assess humoral and cell-mediated immune responses toward vaccinal α-enolase.

Animals: 6 healthy young adult purpose-bred research cats.

Procedures: Baseline renal cortical biopsies, whole blood, serum, and urine were collected prior to administration of a commercial FVRCP parenteral vaccine.