Assessment of a new home-based care pathway for children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.

Aim: To compare the outcomes of home-based and conventional hospital-based care for children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A descriptive study was conducted of all children newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at the Timone Hospital in Marseille, France, between November 2017 and July 2019. The patients received either home-based or in-patient hospital care.

Developing and Validating an Individual-Level Deprivation Index for Children's Health in France.

Background: Deprivation generates many health inequalities. This has to be taken in account to enhance appropriate access to care. This study aimed to develop and validate a pediatric individual-level index measuring deprivation, usable in clinical practice and in public health.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in children.

Background: Several individual studies from specific countries have reported rising numbers of pediatric COVID-19 cases with inconsistent reports on the clinical symptoms including respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms as well as diverse reports on the mean age and household exposure in children. The epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in children are not fully understood, hence, comprehensive meta-analyses are needed to provide a better understanding of these characteristics.

Methods: This review was conducted in Medline, Scopus, Cochrane library, Embase, Web of Science, and published reports on COVID-19 in children.

Children with poor access to healthcare in emergencies: standpoint and practices of pediatricians in France.

Many children with poor access to healthcare are finally admitted in emergency departments. This study describes the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of 161 pediatricians caring for these children. Among the pediatricians, 84 (52.

Lack of pediatricians in sociomedical units (PASS) in France.

In France, units called "Healthcare Access Centers" (Permanences d'Accès aux Soins de Santé; PASS) improve access to the healthcare system for deprived outpatients in hospitals. This study aimed to describe child care in PASS in mainland France in 2019. PASS receive a growing number of children: 23.

Tap Water Consumption Is Associated with Schoolchildren's Cognitive Deficits in Afghanistan.

Environmental influence on intelligence quotient (IQ) is poorly understood in developing countries. We conducted the first cross-sectional investigation to assess the role of socio-economic and environmental factors on schoolchildren's IQ in Jalalabad, Afghanistan. A representative sample of 245 schoolchildren aged 7-15 was randomly selected in five schools.

Incidence of type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents during peace and war times in Yemen.

Aim: To calculate a 30-year incidence rates of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Sana'a city, Yemen during peace and wartimes.

Methods: A total of 461 patients aged between 8 months and 18 years with newly diagnosed diabetes were registered between 1989 and 2018. We used a standardized protocol for counting cases over time.

Family Rejection During COVID-19: Effects on Sexual and Gender Minority Stress and Mental Health Among LGBTQ University Students.

This study examines the relationship between family rejection and moderate to severe psychological distress during COVID-19 among LGBTQ university students. Data were obtained from a national cross-sectional electronic survey of LGBTQ university students ( = 565) collected in the summer of 2020. Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to examine the predictive association between increased family rejection and moderate to severe psychological distress.

Selective preparation of tetrasubstituted fluoroalkenes by fluorine-directed oxetane ring-opening reactions.

The selective ring-opening reaction of fluoroalkylidene-oxetanes was directed by the presence of the fluorine atom, enabling a two-step access to tetrasubstituted fluoroalkenes with excellent geometry control. Despite its small van der Waals radii electronic, rather than steric influences of the fluorine atom governed the ring-opening reaction with bromide ions, even in the presence of bulky substituents.

Pharmacological Characterization of Apraglutide, a Novel Long-Acting Peptidic Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Agonist, for the Treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome.

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) agonists have therapeutic potential in clinical indications in which the integrity or absorptive function of the intestinal mucosa is compromised, such as in short bowel syndrome (SBS). Native hGLP-2, a 33-amino acid peptide secreted from the small intestine, contributes to nutritional absorption but has a very short half-life because of enzymatic cleavage and renal clearance and thus is of limited therapeutic value. The GLP-2 analog teduglutide (Revestive/Gattex; Shire Inc.

Discovery of Potent, Selective, and Short-Acting Peptidic V Receptor Agonists.

The vasopressin analogue desmopressin (desamino-d-arginine vasopressin, dDAVP, 1) is a potent vasopressin 2 (V) receptor (VR) agonist approved in many countries for the treatment of diabetes insipidus, primary nocturnal enuresis, nocturia, and coagulation disorders. Since 1 is primarily excreted via the kidneys, an age-related decline in kidney function leads to slower elimination, prolonged antidiuresis, and hyponatremia. In search of novel, potent, selective, and short-acting peptidic VR agonists, we synthesized a series of C-terminally truncated analogues of [Val]dDAVP, 2, modified in positions 2, 3, and 7 and/or at the disulfide bridge.

Publication Productivity in Central Asia and Countries of the Former Soviet Union.

Introduction: Despite the significant number of research institutions and rich scientific heritage, published research from Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan) is traditionally underrepresented in international scientific literature. The goal of this paper was to analyze publication patterns in Central Asian countries, and to explore the factors that contributed to the publication productivity in Kazakhstan.

Methods: Publication productivity was evaluated using data generated by the SCImago Journal & Country Rank over the period of 1996-2014 for all of the 15 former Soviet Union Republics for all subject categories.

What are the differences among occupational groups related to their palliative care-specific educational needs and intensity of interprofessional collaboration in long-term care homes?

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the differences across occupational groups related to their end-of-life care-specific educational needs and reported intensity of interprofessional collaboration in long-term care (LTC) homes.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey, based on two questionnaires, was administered at four LTC homes in Ontario, Canada using a modified Dilman's approach. The first questionnaire, End of Life Professional Caregiver Survey, included three domains: patients and family-centered communication, cultural and ethical values, effective care delivery.

Selepressin and Arginine Vasopressin Do Not Display Cardiovascular Risk in Atherosclerotic Rabbit.

Background: Septic shock remains associated with significant mortality rates. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and analogs with V1A receptor agonist activity are increasingly used to treat fluid-resistant vasodilatory hypotension, including catecholamine-refractory septic shock. Clinical studies have been restricted to healthy volunteers and catecholamine-refractory septic shock patients excluding subjects with cardiac co-morbidities because of presumed safety issues.

Tropheryma whipplei associated with diarrhoea in young children.

Tropheryma whipplei was detected in preliminary studies in faeces of young children with diarrhoea and also in faeces of asymptomatic persons, not only in Europe but also in Africa. In this study, the link between this bacterium and the presence of acute diarrhoea was evaluated in a large group of children. From December 2009 to January 2013, rectal swabs collected from 3796 children in the emergency departments of university hospitals in Marseille, France, were analysed: 555 children (245 female and 310 male, from 6 days to 6 years old) with acute diarrhoea defined as at least three loose stools per day for <1 week and 3241 children (1444 female and 1797 male, from 22 days to 6 years old) without diarrhoea.

Evaluation of the Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia Using an Emergency Database System.

Background.: A 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) seems to be associated with a reduction of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children.

Methods.

Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Novel Glucagon-like Peptide-2 (GLP-2) Analogues with Low Systemic Clearance.

Glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor agonists have therapeutic potential for the treatment of intestinal diseases. The native hGLP-2, a 33 amino acid gastrointestinal peptide, is not a suitable clinical candidate, due to its very short half-life in humans. In search of GLP-2 receptor agonists with better pharmacokinetic characteristics, a series of GLP-2 analogues containing Gly substitution at position 2, norleucine in position 10, and hydrophobic substitutions in positions 11 and/or 16 was designed and synthesized.

A Selective V(1A) Receptor Agonist, Selepressin, Is Superior to Arginine Vasopressin and to Norepinephrine in Ovine Septic Shock.

Objective: Selective vasopressin V(1A) receptor agonists may have advantages over arginine vasopressin in the treatment of septic shock. We compared the effects of selepressin, a selective V(1A) receptor agonist, arginine vasopressin, and norepinephrine on hemodynamics, organ function, and survival in an ovine septic shock model.

Design: Randomized animal study.

[Disseminated BCG disease revealing a partial deficiency in receptor 1 interferon gamma].

We report on a case of disseminated BCGitis with an unusual presentation in a 4-month-old infant revealing a syndrome of Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacteria due to a partial dominant mutation of the interferon gamma receptor 1 gene.