Publications by authors named "Laporta M"
The metabolic landscape of cancer greatly influences antitumor immunity, yet it remains unclear how organ-specific metabolites in the tumor microenvironment influence immunosurveillance. We found that accumulation of primary conjugated and secondary bile acids (BAs) are metabolic features of human hepatocellular carcinoma and experimental liver cancer models. Inhibiting conjugated BA synthesis in hepatocytes through deletion of the BA-conjugating enzyme bile acid-CoA:amino acid -acyltransferase (BAAT) enhanced tumor-specific T cell responses, reduced tumor growth, and sensitized tumors to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) immunotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExhausted T cells (TEX) in cancer and chronic viral infections undergo metabolic and epigenetic remodeling, impairing their protective capabilities. However, the impact of nutrient metabolism on epigenetic modifications that control TEX differentiation remains unclear. We showed that TEX cells shifted from acetate to citrate metabolism by downregulating acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) while maintaining ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: There is concern regarding potential long-term cardiotoxicity with systemic distribution of metals in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients.
Aim: To determine the association of commonly used implant metals with echocardiographic measures in TJA patients.
Methods: The study comprised 110 TJA patients who had a recent history of high chromium, cobalt or titanium concentrations.
Genomic instability and inflammation are distinct hallmarks of aging, but the connection between them is poorly understood. Understanding their interrelationship will help unravel new mechanisms and therapeutic targets of aging and age-associated diseases. Here we report a novel mechanism directly linking genomic instability and inflammation in senescent cells through a mitochondria-regulated molecular circuit driven by p53 and cytoplasmic chromatin fragments (CCF).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Supplemental oxygen (SO) potentiates opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) in experiments on healthy volunteers. Our objective was to examine the relationship between SO and OIRD in patients on surgical units.
Methods: This post-hoc analysis utilized a portion of the observational PRediction of Opioid-induced respiratory Depression In patients monitored by capnoGraphY (PRODIGY) trial dataset (202 patients, two trial sites), which involved blinded continuous pulse oximetry and capnography monitoring of postsurgical patients on surgical units.
Background: Medical learners may use YouTube® videos to prepare for procedures. Videos are convenient and readily available, but without any uploading standards, their accuracy and quality for education are uncertain. We assessed the quality of emergency cricothyrotomy videos on YouTube through an expert panel of surgeons with objective quality metrics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe relationship between mental health and human rights is complex and bidirectional. Global mental health movements have been emphasizing the promotion of human rights in mental health care in accordance with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the WHO QualityRights Initiative. The main objective of this review is to have an overview of the current global situation of human rights in mental health services by performing a review of scientific literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: This study aims to assess the association of postoperative stroke with intraoperative hemodynamic variability and transfusion management.
Methods: In this case-control study, adult patients (≥ 18 years) who had a stroke within 72 hours of a surgical procedure were matched to 2 control patients according to age, sex, and procedure type. Primary risk factors assessed were intraoperative fluid administration, blood product transfusion, vasopressor use, and measures of variability in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate: maximum, minimum, range, SD, and average real variability.
Importance: Individuals with total joint arthroplasty (TJA) have long-term exposure to metal-containing implants; however, whether long-term exposure to artificial implants is associated with cognitive function is unknown.
Objective: To compare long-term cognitive trajectories in individuals with and without TJA.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cohort study assessed serial cognitive evaluations of 5550 participants (≥50 years of age) from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging between November 1, 2004, and December 31, 2020.
Introduction: Surgical resection of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) may be associated with excessive hemodynamic variability. Whether hemodynamic variability occurs in patients with undiagnosed PPGL undergoing unrelated, non-neuroendocrine, operations is unknown.
Methods: We identified patients who underwent non-neuroendocrine surgical procedures up to 5 y before pathologic diagnosis of PPGL.
Background: Hospitalization in older age is associated with accelerated cognitive decline, typically preceded by neuropathologic changes. We assess the association between indication for hospitalization and brain neurodegeneration.
Methods: Included were participants from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, a population-based longitudinal study, with ≥1 brain imaging available in those older than 60 years of age between 2004 and 2017.
Background: We describe the clinical course of medical and surgical patients who received naloxone on general hospital wards for suspected opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD).
Methods: From May 2018 through October 2020, patients who received naloxone on hospital wards were identified and their records reviewed for incidence and clinical course.
Results: There were 86,030 medical and 106,807 surgical admissions.
This study tested the hypothesis that exposure of children prior to their third birthday to procedures requiring general anesthesia is associated with an increased incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in later life. This study employed a nested, 1:2 matched-case control study design using ASD cases identified in a population-based birth cohort of children born in Olmsted County, MN from 1976 to 2000. Matching variables included sex, date of birth, and mother's age in conditional logistic regression including 499 ASD cases and 998 controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Preclinical studies indicate that inhalational anesthetics may cause changes in the nigrostriatal system associated with α-synucleinopathies like Parkinson's disease.
- Researchers analyzed data from Olmsted County over nearly 20 years, comparing cases of α-synucleinopathies with matched controls to assess lifetime exposure to anesthesia.
- The study found no significant link between general anesthesia exposure and the risk of developing α-synucleinopathies, suggesting that anesthesia might not be a contributing factor in these conditions.
Background: Manipulation of carcinoid tumors during ablation or selective hepatic artery embolization (transarterial embolization, TAE) can release vasoactive mediators inducing hemodynamic instability. The main aim of our study was to review hemodynamics and complications related to minimally invasive treatments of liver carcinoids with TAE or ablation.
Methods: Electronic medical records of all patients with metastatic liver carcinoid undergoing ablation or TAE from 2003 to 2019 were abstracted.
Background: Postoperative falls are preventable complications. The study aims were to describe the rate and circumstances surrounding postoperative falls and explore potential associations with patient and procedural characteristics with emphasis on the use of sedative medications.
Methods: Medical records of hospitalized patients undergoing non-lower extremity surgery under general anesthesia from January 1, 2010, through April 30, 2018 were reviewed for falls within 72 postoperative hours.
Background: The frequency and temporal distribution of postoperative respiratory depression (RD) events are not completely understood. This study determined the temporal distribution and frequency of RD episodes in postsurgical patients continuously monitored by bedside capnography and pulse oximetry.
Methods: This was a post hoc study of a subset of postsurgical patients enrolled in The PRediction of Opioid-induced respiratory Depression In patients monitored by capnoGraphY (PRODIGY) trial from 2 sites in the United States.
Background: Hospitalization can impair physical and functional status of older adults, but it is unclear whether these deficits are transient or chronic. This study determined the association between hospitalization of older adults and changes in long-term longitudinal trajectories of 2 measures of physical and functional status: gait speed (GS) and instrumental activities of daily living measured with Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ).
Method: Linear mixed-effects models assessed the association between hospitalization (nonelective vs elective, and surgical vs medical) and outcomes of GS and FAQ score in participants (older than 60 years) enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging who had longitudinal assessments.
Background: Postoperative in-hospital pneumonia is a serious complication. This study aims to investigate the association between 3 preoperative stratification tools (American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status [ASA-PS] score, Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI], and Rockwood Frailty Deficit Index [FI]) and risk for postoperative pneumonia.
Methods: We identified adult patients who developed postoperative pneumonia following noncardiothoracic surgery under general anesthesia, between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017.
Purpose: To investigate the association between episodes of critical care hospitalizations and delirium with structural brain changes in older adults.
Materials And Methods: We included Mayo Clinic Study of Aging participants ≥60 years old at the time of study enrollment (October 29, 2004, through September 11, 2017) with available brain MRI and 'amyloid' positron emission tomography (PET) scans. We tested the hypothesis that a) intensive care unit (ICU) admission is associated with greater cortical thinning and atrophy in entorhinal cortex, inferior temporal cortex, middle temporal cortex, and fusiform cortex (Alzheimer''s disease-signature regions); b) atrophy in hippocampus and corpus callosum; c) delirium accelerates these changes; and d) ICU admission is not associated with increased deposition of cortical amyloid.
Importance: Hospitalizations are associated with cognitive decline in older adults.
Objective: To determine the association between hospitalization characteristics and the trajectory of cognitive function in older adults.
Design: Population-based longitudinal study of cognitive aging.
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting and Pain After Robotic-Assisted Mitral Valve Repair.
J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth
December 2020
Objective: To determine the rate and clinical factors associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and severe pain after robotic-assisted mitral valve repair.
Design: Retrospective chart review.
Setting: Major quaternary academic medical center.
Objectives: Delayed anesthesia recovery following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) can be an indicator of immediate complications and negatively impact healthcare efficiency. This study aims to examine clinical factors with a focus on improving clinical practice.
Methods: Medical records of patients undergoing ESS under general anesthesia from 2014 to 2018 were reviewed.