Real-time ROS monitoring with luminescent nanoparticles reveals skin inflammation dynamics.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key regulators in numerous pathological contexts, including cancer or inflammation. Their role is complex, which justifies the need for methods enabling their quantitative and time-resolved monitoring , in the perspective to profile tissues of individual patients. However, current ROS detection methods do not provide these features.

Dystrophin myonuclear domain restoration governs treatment efficacy in dystrophic muscle.

Dystrophin is essential for muscle health: its sarcolemmal absence causes the fatal, X-linked condition, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, its normal, spatial organization remains poorly understood, which hinders the interpretation of efficacy of its therapeutic restoration. Using female reporter mice heterozygous for fluorescently tagged dystrophin (), we here reveal that dystrophin distribution is unexpectedly compartmentalized, being restricted to myonuclear-defined sarcolemmal territories extending ~80 µm, which we called "basal sarcolemmal dystrophin units (BSDUs).

Confocal laser endomicroscopy and confocal microscopy for head and neck cancer imaging: Recent updates and future perspectives.

Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a promising technology that provides real-time histological visualization of living tissue, described as "optical biopsy". It has been used successfully in dermatology, gastroenterology and ophthalmology for clinical diagnosis and tumor margin assessment. In addition to in vivo tissue assessment, confocal microscopy can also be used ex vivo on freshly excised or fixed tissue for intraoperative tumor margin assessment.

Diagnostic accuracy of in vivo early tumor imaging from probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy versus histologic examination in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is a noninvasive and real-time imaging technique allowing acquisition of in situ images of the tissue microarchitecture during oral surgery. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of pCLE combined with patent blue V (PB) in improving the management of early oral cavity, oro/hypopharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer by imaging squamous cell carcinoma in vivo.

Materials And Methods: The prospective study enrolled 44 patients with early head and neck lesions.

Exploitation of the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a platform for anti-metastatic drug testing.

The establishment of clinically relevant models for tumor metastasis and drug testing is a major challenge in cancer research. Here we report a physiologically relevant assay enabling quantitative analysis of metastatic capacity of tumor cells following implantation into the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Engraftment of as few as 10 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines was sufficient for both primary tumor and metastasis formation.

Live-imaging of revertant and therapeutically restored dystrophin in the Dmd mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Background: Dmd , harbouring the c.2983C>T nonsense mutation in Dmd exon 23, is a mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), frequently used to test therapies aimed at dystrophin restoration. Current translational research is methodologically hampered by the lack of a reporter mouse model, which would allow direct visualization of dystrophin expression as well as longitudinal in vivo studies.

Cord blood-endothelial colony forming cells are immunotolerated and participate at post-ischemic angiogenesis in an original dorsal chamber immunocompetent mouse model.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Restoring blood supply to ischemic tissues is an essential goal for the successful treatment of these diseases. Growth factor or gene therapy efficacy remains controversial, but stem cell transplantation is emerging as an interesting approach to stimulate angiogenesis.

Value of Full-Field Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging for the Histological Assessment of Head and Neck Cancer.

Background And Objectives: In head and neck surgery, intraoperative and postoperative evaluation of tumor margins is achieved by histopathological assessment, which is a multistep process. Intraoperative analysis of tumor margins to obtain a preliminary diagnosis is usually carried out on frozen sections. Analysis of frozen sections is challenging due to technical difficulties in processing.

Multimodal imaging for tumour characterization from micro- to macroscopic level using a newly developed dorsal chamber designed for long-term follow-up.

Optical imaging of living animals is a unique method of studying the dynamics of physiological and pathological processes at a subcellular level. One-shot acquisitions at high resolution can be achieved on exteriorized organs before animal euthanasia. For longitudinal follow-up, intravital imaging can be used and involves imaging windows implanted in cranial, thoracic or dorsal regions.

An Accessible and Unique Insight into Metastasis Mutational Content Through Whole-exome Sequencing of Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Background: Genomic analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could provide a unique and accessible representation of tumor diversity but remains hindered by technical challenges associated with CTC rarity and heterogeneity.

Objective: To evaluate CTCs as surrogate samples for genomic analyses in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Design, Setting, And Participants: Three isolation strategies (filter laser-capture microdissection, self-seeding microwell chips, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting) were developed to capture CTCs with various epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes and isolate them at the single-cell level.

Near-infrared fluorescence imaging for the prevention and management of breast cancer-related lymphedema: A systematic review.

Sentinel lymph node identification by near infrared (NIR) fluorescence with indocyanine green (ICG) is recognized in the literature as a useful technique. NIR fluorescence technology could become key in the prevention and management of lymphedema after axillary dissection for breast cancer. Here, we conducted a systematic review focusing on ICG imaging to improve lymphedema prevention and treatment after axillary surgery.

Parathyroid gland management using optical technologies during thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy: A systematic review.

New optical technologies enhancing localization or assessing viability of parathyroid glands (PG) during endocrine surgery have been reported in clinical studies. These technologies could become complementary to the surgeon's eyes and may improve surgical outcomes in thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. Here, we conducted a systematic review focusing on PG identification and functional assessment using optical methods to enhance surgery.

Prospective evaluation of the limitations of near-infrared imaging in detecting axillary sentinel lymph nodes in primary breast cancer.

We compared the performance of near-infrared imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) with the radioisotope (ISO) method to detect sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in breast cancer, to analyze predictive factors for negative ICG identification. The study included 122 patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using the combined ISO and ICG technique for primary breast cancer. We assessed the putative association between pathologic/clinical variables and ICG failure to detect SLNs.

Intraoperative Near-infrared Imaging for Parathyroid Gland Identification by Auto-fluorescence: A Feasibility Study.

Background: Parathyroid glands (PGs) can be particularly hard to distinguish from surrounding tissue and thus can be damaged or removed during thyroidectomy. Postoperative hypoparathyroidism is the most common complication after thyroidectomy. Very recently, it has been found that the parathyroid tissue shows near-infrared (NIR) auto-fluorescence which could be used for intraoperative detection, without any use of contrast agents.

Patent blue V and indocyanine green for fluorescence microimaging of human peritoneal carcinomatosis using probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy.

Background: Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a metastatic stage aggravating abdominal and pelvic cancer dissemination. The preoperative evaluation of lesions remains difficult today. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) provides dynamic images of tissue architecture and cellular details.

Polo-like Kinase Inhibitor Volasertib Exhibits Antitumor Activity and Synergy with Vincristine in Pediatric Malignancies.

Background: Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) controls the main cell-cycle checkpoints, suggesting utility of its inhibition for cancer treatment, including of highly proliferative pediatric cancer. This preclinical study explored the selective PLK1 inhibitor volasertib (BI 6727) alone and combined with chemotherapy in pediatric malignancies.

Materials And Methods: Inhibition of proliferation was explored in vitro using dimethylthiazol carboxymethoxyphenyl sulfophenyl tetrazolium (MTS) assay.

Red and far-red fluorescent dyes for the characterization of head and neck cancer at the cellular level.

Background: Primary upper aerodigestive tract malignancy remains a cancer having a poor prognosis, despite current progress in treatment, due to a generally late diagnosis.

Objectives: We conducted a preliminary assessment of five dyes approved for human use for the imaging of head and neck tissues at the cellular level, which could be considered for clinical examination.

Methods: We investigated fluorescence endomicroscopic images on fresh samples obtained from head and neck surgeries after staining with hypericin, methylene blue, toluidine blue, patent blue or indocyanine green to provide a preliminary consideration as to whether these images contain enough information for identification of non-pathologic and pathologic tissues.

Confocal laser endomicroscopy for non-invasive head and neck cancer imaging: a comprehensive review.

Histological assessment is an essential tool in the diagnosis and guidance of the treatment of various diseases, in particular cancer, of the head and neck. Recent major advances in optical imaging techniques have made it possible to acquire high-resolution in vivo images at the cellular scale. Confocal endomicroscopy is a non-invasive technique, which can be highly useful whenever meaningful in situ histological information is required.

A new platelet cryoprecipitate glue promoting bone formation after ectopic mesenchymal stromal cell-loaded biomaterial implantation in nude mice.

Introduction: This study investigated the promising effect of a new Platelet Glue obtained from Cryoprecipitation of Apheresis Platelet products (PGCAP) used in combination with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) loaded on ceramic biomaterials to provide novel strategies enhancing bone repair.

Methods: PGCAP growth factor content was analyzed by ELISA and compared to other platelet and plasma-derived products. MSC loaded on biomaterials (65% hydroxyapatite/35% beta-TCP or 100% beta-TCP) were embedded in PGCAP and grown in presence or not of osteogenic induction medium for 21 days.

A fluorescence-based assay for monitoring clinical drug resistance.

Background And Aims: Multidrug resistance (MDR) limits effectiveness in treating malignancy by modifying internalisation and/or externalisation of drugs through cancer cell membranes. In this study we describe an assay to monitor patients' responses to chemotherapy.

Methods: The assay is based on the fluorescent properties of doxorubicin alone as well as in combination with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin (MVAC).