[Informativity of some of the molecular markers most frequently used in population genetics of salmonids].

The genetic parameters of donor and artificial populations of Siberian salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) have been analyzed. The parameters were obtained Wvith the use of different molecular markers as well as mathematic modeling based on experimental data. The difference between results is explained by the different resolving power of individual markers and/or stochastic effects.

[Genetic diversity of the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius Pallas, 1771) in the Russian Far East as assessed by RAPD-PCR].

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with ten-nucleotide primers of arbitrary sequences (RAPID-PCR) was used to study the genetic characteristics of five samples of the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius Pallas, 1771) from the Russian Far East (Primorye, Khabarovsk krai, and Magadan oblast). Highly significant differentiation of the samples was demonstrated, the genetic diversity of each sample was estimated, and non-neutral loci were found. The genetic diversity was the highest in a population from the outskirts of Magadan and the lowest in populations from an island on the Amur River island near Khabarovsk and from the village of Talon (Magadan oblast).

[Effect of ouabain, iodoacetamide, and pH on the human erythrocyte hemolysis induced by calcium ions in the presence of ionophore A23187].

The effect of inhibitors of Na+, K(+)-ATPase (ouabain) and glycolysis (iodacetamide) as well as pH on calcium ion-induced erythrocyte hemolysis in the presence of ionophore A23187 is first described. Hemoglobin release decreases under the influence of ouabain, iodacetamide, and low pH, which is commonly observed at low temperature and in the samples studied in spring and summer. Active hemoglobin release through defects of the erythrocyte membrane under the influence of the transmembrane electrical potential was proposed to mediate hemolysis.

[Modification of a method for detecting the post-phoretic activity of mannose (Mpi, EC 5.3.1.8)- and glucose (Gpi, EC5.3.1.9)-6-phosphate isomerase].

A method for detecting activities of mannose- and glucose-6-phosphate isomerases based on enzyme production of the substrates is described. The results obtained for several animal taxa are illustrated by photographs.

[The use of the polymerase chain reaction in analyzing ancient DNAs (exemplified by that of the Enmynveem mammoth)].

DNA was isolated from the Enmynveem mammoth muscles, and the control region and cytochrome b gene of the mitochondrial genome were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mammoth DNA was amplified by both the classical PCR (two primer system) and the single-primer PCR (spPCR) resulting in DNA fragments up to 1600 bp long. Restriction analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was carried out.

[Restriction polymorphism of the main noncoding region of mitochondrial DNA in native and migrant inhabitants of Northeast Asia].

Data on the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the 16,081-16,545 bp segment of the major non-coding region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in Slavs from Magadan (n = 20), Asian Eskimos (n = 20), and coastal Chuckchi (n = 10) are presented. In Slavs, nine restriction pattern variants were found for the enzymes AvaII, BamHI, HaeIII, EcoRV, KpnI, and RsaI; in Eskimos and Chuckchi, only KpnI polymorphism was found. The gene diversity in the identified polymorphic restriction sites was calculated, and the results obtained were compared with published data.

[Mitochondrial DNA RFLP in inhabitants of Magadan].

Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from placenta tissue of Slavs living in Northern-East Asia is presented. BamHI, HpaI, EcoRV, and PvuII restriction endonucleases are used for this analysis (N = 40-50 for some restriction endonucleases). Combination of mtDNA types characteristic for distinct Mongoloid and Europeoid populations was found in a sample.

[Short repeats and variability in the smooth noncoding area of human mitochondrial DNA].

Major non-coding region of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (1122 bp) was assessed using the method of complexity analysis of genomes. The ACT, TCA, AGT and TGA motifs (AST-repeats) were shown to form short repeats as well as more complex block structures. These motifs are intrinsic for regulatory sequences of DNA of procaryotic and eucaryotic genes.

[The thyroid status and lipid metabolism of the suslik Citellus parryi during hibernation].

Thyroid hormone concentrations in blood were elevated all through the hibernating season while thyroid gland showed morphological signs of high activity. The specificities of lipid metabolism, increased fatty acid unsaturation and reduced cholesterol/phospholipids molar ratio in plasma membranes were attributed to high thyroid activity.

[Various indicators of the lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes in healthy persons and in chronic alcoholics in the northeastern part of the USSR].

Some indices of red blood cell membranes lipid composition were studied in normal subjects and alcohol abusers inhabitants of the North-East of the USSR. Increased lipid peroxidation in newcomers was explained by a greater unsaturation level of membrane fatty acids and exhausted lipid antioxidants. Decreased peroxidation in subjects inhabiting the region for over 15 years, native-borns and chronic alcohol abusers could be accounted for by an increase in membrane cholesterol content.

[Role of the nonspecific modification of erythrocyte membrane lipids during hibernation in the suslik Citellus parryi].

Studies have been made on the content of cholesterol, phospholipids, fatty acid composition, the intensity of lipid peroxidation, the activity of Na+, K+-ATPase, as well as on the peroxide hemolysis in the erythrocytes in prehibernating and hibernating ground squirrels. Changes in partial content of cholesterol and in fatty acid composition of membranes are presumably due to the excessive lipid peroxidation during hibernation resulting from the decrease in the activity of antioxidative enzymes, which also accounts for the increase in peroxide hemolysis of erythrocytes.