Exploring the distinct immunological reactions of bovine neutrophils towards major and minor pathogens responsible for mastitis.

Bovine mastitis is primarily caused by a group of bacteria known as and . However, additional types of bacteria, such as bovine non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) as well as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), are considered minor pathogens and have less impact on cows. Modulating bovine neutrophil activities and gene expressions in response to bacterial stimuli prompted the cells to execute effector functions to combat udder infections.