Assertiveness in physicians' interpersonal professional encounters: A scoping review.

Purpose: Good relationships between physicians, patients, families and the healthcare team are essential for high-quality care. Medical encounters are sometimes challenging. They may include conflicts, requiring physicians to be assertive: that is to share and protect their needs, rights and values while preserving those of others.

The hidden curriculum of breaking bad news: Identification of three dimensions and four communication patterns.

Objectives: To explore students' observations in the hidden curriculum of physicians' breaking bad news interactions and identify dimensions and patterns within them.

Methods: We qualitatively analyzed 156 written narrative descriptions of bad news encounters in the clinics written by senior medical students.

Results: The analysis identified three dimensions within the encounters: providing information, dealing with emotions, and discussing treatment plans.

A New Tool for Determining and Monitoring Public Healthcare Systems.

The challenge of maintaining a standard of treatment has become a core issue due to the COVID-19 outbreak, and many countries are currently addressing this issue. Since public health policymaking is a multidimensional issue, including different aspects, measures, features, and scales, and so forth, multidimensional definitions of reasonable medical treatments may improve planning and performance standards for public health systems. This study emphasizes the need to settle all of the dimensions in policymaking to aim to elicit reasonable medical treatment definitions and adequacy assessments from diverse healthcare stakeholders and offer a universally applicable reasonable medical treatment formula.

The comorbidity between autism spectrum disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder is mediated by brooding rumination.

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication difficulties and restricted repetitive behaviors. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder are often diagnosed with other psychiatric conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and depression. However, research on post-traumatic stress disorder among individuals with autism spectrum disorder is scarce.

Addressing the Needs of Preschool Children in the Context of Disasters and Terrorism: Assessment, Prevention, and Intervention.

Purpose Of Review: The goal of this paper is to review the research literature regarding the needs of preschoolers in the context of disasters and terrorism with the aim of understanding the existing methods for assessment, prevention, and intervention to provide recommendations and point out required research and development.

Recent Findings: We differentiate between screening tools that provide initial evaluation and assessment tools for diagnosing preschooler children's pathology and review possible interventions that address the preschool child's needs before, during, and after the incident itself. We also emphasize the lack of dissemination and research of prevention programs and mass interventions for preschoolers.

Addressing the Needs of Preschool Children in the Context of Disasters and Terrorism: Clinical Pictures and Moderating Factors.

Purpose Of Review: This paper surveys the existent theoretical and research literature regarding the needs of preschool children in the context of disasters and terrorism with the aim of understanding (a) the consequences of such events for young children and (b) the main moderating variables influencing the event-consequence association to learn how to enhance their resilience.

Recent Findings: Consequences include a variety of emotional, behavioral, and biological outcomes. Implications for refugee children are discussed.

Enhancing Children's Resilience in Schools to Confront Trauma: The Impact on Teachers.

Background: Children's exposure to stressful events requires effective interventions to strengthen adaptive development. Expanding the teachers' role to deliver resilience-focused interventions has been shown to enhance children's coping and to have a positive impact on the teachers themselves.

Method: This study compared the self-efficacy and perceived performance of 48 teachers following the implementation of such an intervention with 52 control teachers.

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder and Its Relation to the Autism Spectrum: Dilemmas Arising From the DSM-5 Classification.

DSM-5 introduced two diagnoses describing neurodevelopmental deficits in social communication (SC); Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (SPCD). These diagnoses are differentiated by Repetitive and Restricted Behaviors (RRB), required for an ASD diagnosis and absent in SPCD. We highlight the gaps between the research into SPCD and DSM-5's diagnostic criteria, and discuss the clinical implications of this diagnostic decision.

Assessing the Use of the Child Attachment Interview in a Sample of Israeli Jewish Children.

Background: This manuscript assesses the use of the Child Attachment Interview (CAI) in a sample of Israeli Jewish children in middle childhood in order to add to empirical data on this measure.

Method: Forty-one children between the ages of 7 and 13 were consecutively recruited to the study. The clinical sample included 29 children diagnosed with anxiety disorder, major depression or ADHD.

Self-regulated compliance in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder: The role of temperament and parental disciplinary style.

Regulatory difficulties are common in children with autism spectrum disorder. This study focused on an important aspect of self-regulation-the ability to willingly comply with frustrating demands of socialization agents, termed "self-regulated compliance." We studied compliance to parental demands in 40 preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder and 40 matched typically developing preschoolers, during separate interactions with mother and father, while engaging in two paradigms: toy pick-up and delayed gratification, which tap the "do" and "don't" aspects of self-regulated socialization at this age.

Preschool Israeli Children Exposed to Rocket Attacks: Assessment, Risk, and Resilience.

Preschool children are among the most vulnerable populations to adversity. This study described the effects of 4 weeks of daily exposure to rocket attacks on children living on Israel's southern border. Participants enrolled in this study were 122 preschool children (50% boys) between the ages 3 and 6 years from 10 kindergartens.

Self- and Co-regulation of Anger and Fear in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Role of Maternal Parenting Style and Temperament.

Emotion regulation (ER) difficulties are a major concern in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Maternal temperament and parenting style have significant effects on children's ER. However, these effects have not been studied in children with ASD.

The role of the precuneus in metaphor comprehension: evidence from an fMRI study in people with schizophrenia and healthy participants.

Comprehension of conventional and novel metaphors involves traditional language-related cortical regions as well as non-language related regions. While semantic processing is crucial for understanding metaphors, it is not sufficient. Recently the precuneus has been identified as a region that mediates complex and highly integrated tasks, including retrieval of episodic memory and mental imagery.

Effects of ethnicity on sub-clinical PTSD and depressive symptoms, following exposure to missile attacks in Israel--a pilot study.

Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to compare the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, major depression disorder (MDD)-related symptoms, and negative mood regulation capacities among Israeli Jewish and Arab children and their parents, all of whom had been exposed to recurrent missiles attacks during the Second Lebanon War.

Methods: Participants consisted of 28 Jewish and 14 Arab children (aged 4-18 years) and their parents. They were assessed by self-report instruments and a semi-structured interview (K-SADS-PL).

Enhanced left frontal involvement during novel metaphor comprehension in schizophrenia: evidence from functional neuroimaging.

The neural basis involved in novel metaphor comprehension in schizophrenia is relatively unknown. Fourteen people with schizophrenia and fourteen controls were scanned while they silently read novel metaphors, conventional metaphors, literal expressions, and meaningless word-pairs. People with schizophrenia showed reduced comprehension of both novel and conventional metaphors.

Post-traumatic reaction of Israeli Jewish and Arab children exposed to rocket attacks before and after teacher-delivered intervention.

Background: Belonging to ethnic minorities is a risk factor for traumatized children. this study investigated the influence of exposure to rocket attacks during the 2006 Lebanon War on Jewish and two groups of arab Israeli students and the effect of implementing a teacher-delivered intervention focusing on resilience enhancement.

Method: Children from both ethnic groups (N = 1,372) were assessed for stressful life events, symptoms and parental concern regarding adaptation before the 16- week program (t1) and after its completion (t2).

Platelet vesicular monoamine transporter 2 density in the disruptive behavior disorders.

In a former study, we reported decreased platelet vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) density (Bmax) in patients with ADHD. The current study aimed at measuring platelet VMAT2 in the disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) to assess whether this finding is specific to ADHD or generalizable to the broader DBD concept. The study included 13 patients with DBDs aged 10-12 years and 16 healthy volunteers aged 8-17 years.

Teacher-delivered resilience-focused intervention in schools with traumatized children following the second Lebanon War.

The 2006 Lebanon War exposed children in the north of Israel to daily rocket attacks. To cope with the massive psychological needs, a teacher-delivered protocol focusing on enhancing personal resilience was implemented. Children were assessed for risk factors, symptoms, and adaptation before the 16-week program (Time 1; n = 983) and after its completion (Time 2; n = 563).

Altered affinity of the platelet vesicular monoamine transporter 2 to dihydrotetrabenazine in children with major depression.

Platelet vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) binding characteristics were assessed, using high affinity dihydrotetrabenazine ([(3)H]TBZOH) binding, in 14 children with major depression (MDD) and 16 matched controls. All participants underwent a thorough diagnostic evaluation and the levels of depression and anxiety were measured. K (d) values were significantly lower in children with MDD versus controls (2.

Preventing children's posttraumatic stress after disaster with teacher-based intervention: a controlled study.

Objective: The psychological outcomes that the exposure to mass trauma has on children have been amply documented in the past decades. The objective of this study is to describe the effects of a universal, teacher-based preventive intervention implemented with Israeli students before the rocket attacks that occurred during Operation Cast Lead, compared with a nonintervention but exposed control group.

Method: The study sample consisted of 1,488 students studying in fourth and fifth grades in a city in southern Israel who were exposed to continuous rocket attacks during Operation Cast Lead.

A trauma-like model of political extremism: psycho-political fault lines in Israel.

This study examines a trauma-like model of potentially violent political extremism among Jewish Israelis. We study the psychosocial characteristics of political extremists that may lie at the root of sociopolitical instability and assess personal (gender, stressful life events, Holocaust family background, and political activism) and psychological parameters (self- and political transcendence, perceived political threats, in/out-group identification ratio) that may predict readiness to engage in destructive political behavior. We examine the ideological zeal of various political groups, the relationship between the latter and perceived political threats, and the predictors of extreme political activism.

Reboxetine maintenance treatment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a long-term follow-up study.

Objective: This open-label study assessed the long-term effectiveness and tolerability of reboxetine maintenance treatment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Six children aged 9-13 (mean +/- standard deviation, SD, 10.7 +/- 1.

Risk and protective factors mediating psychological symptoms and ideological commitment of adolescents facing continuous terrorism.

This study evaluated symptoms, risk, and protective factors of adolescents from six Israeli schools exposed to continuous terrorism. All children in the grades selected at each school (7, 9, and 11) were administered anonymous assessment materials measuring posttraumatic, grief, and dissociative symptoms, as well as traumatic exposure, personal resilience, and family factors. A high number of risk factors increased the likelihood of negative symptoms.

Teacher-mediated intervention after disaster: a controlled three-year follow-up of children's functioning.

Background: Child survivors of a catastrophic earthquake in Turkey were evaluated three and a half years after the event, and three years after a sub-group participated in a teacher-mediated intervention developed by the authors. The goal of this follow-up study was to determine the long-term effectiveness of the original intervention.

Methods: Subjects who participated in the intervention were compared with a control group of children similar in terms of demographics, risk and exposure.