Sleep, Screen Behaviors, and Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Cross-Sectional Study of U.S. Children and Adolescents.

To examine the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and children's obesogenic behaviors (meeting recommendations for sleep duration and screen time) in a representative sample of U.S. children and adolescents.

New York State Climate Impacts Assessment Chapter 07: Human Health and Safety.

New Yorkers face a multitude of health and safety risks that are exacerbated by a changing climate. These risks include direct impacts from extreme weather events and other climate hazards, as well as indirect impacts occurring through a chain of interactions. Physical safety, physical health, and mental health are all part of the equation-as are the many nonclimate factors that interact with climate change to influence health outcomes.

Out-of-school Activities and Adherence to 24-hour Movement Guidelines.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to explore associations between participation in out-of-school/weekend organized activities and adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines among US adolescents.

Methods: Data from the 2022 National Survey of Children's Health (N=16,403, age=15.1±1.

Whole-of-School Physical Activity Promotion: Findings From Elementary Schools in the United States.

Introduction: Schools can support students' participation in physical activity by offering opportunities consistent with a Whole-of-School (WOS) approach; however, the extent to which physical activity opportunities are provided and how school-level characteristics associate with their use remains unclear. This study examined how elementary schools' use a WOS approach to promote physical activity, as well as associations between school-level characteristics and physical activity opportunities provided.

Methods: Survey data was collected from 162 elementary schools participating in the NFL PLAY 60 FitnessGram Project during the 2022-2023 school year.

Urban heatwave, green spaces, and mental health: A review based on environmental health risk assessment framework.

Utilizing the framework of environmental health risk assessment and healing, the article reviews the effectiveness and potential of green space systems in mitigating the impact of high temperatures, promoting mental health, and improving the risk characteristics of high-temperature heat waves. We utilized CiteSpace software to conduct a time-zone analysis of the relationship between heatwaves, green spaces, and health using clustered data from 2001 to 2023. This study evaluates the role of green space systems in mitigating high temperatures and enhancing mental health within the environmental health risk assessment framework.

Influence of parental nativity and perceived neighborhood environment on physical activity and screen time of United States youth.

Objective: This study assessed how parental nativity and perceived environment are associated with physical activity and screen time of U.S. children and adolescents.

The availability between recreational facilities and physical activity of US adolescents.

Determining the locations where adolescents tend to accumulate greater amounts of physical activity may assist policymakers to address the built environment design and promote PA. This study evaluated the association between the availability of recreational facilities and average minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day of US adolescents in 2017 (n = 1,437). Data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from the 2017 Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating study, an internet-based study collecting information on diet and PA of parent and adolescent dyads.

How Societal Forces of Change Are Transforming Youth Physical Activity Promotion in North America.

Background: Climate change, increasing recognition of institutionalized discrimination, and the COVID-19 pandemic are large-scale, societal events (ie, forces of change) that affect the timing, settings, and modes of youth physical activity. Despite the impact that forces of change have on youth physical activity and physical activity environments, few studies consider how they affect physical activity promotion.

Methods: The authors use 2 established frameworks, the ecological model of physical activity and the youth physical activity timing, how, and setting framework, to highlight changes in physical activity patterns of youth in North America that have resulted from contemporary forces of change.

How Blackouts during Heat Waves Amplify Mortality and Morbidity Risk.

The recent concurrence of electrical grid failure events in time with extreme temperatures is compounding the population health risks of extreme weather episodes. Here, we combine simulated heat exposure data during historical heat wave events in three large U.S.

Impact of heat on all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A multi-city study in Texas.

Background: Studies on the health effects of heat are particularly limited in Texas, a U.S. state in the top 10 highest number of annual heat-related deaths per capita from 2018 to 2020.

Proteogenomic identification of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype-specific HLA-I restricted peptides from HBV-positive patient liver tissues.

The presentation of virus-derived peptides by HLA class I molecules on the surface of an infected cell and the recognition of these HLA-peptide complexes by, and subsequent activation of, CD8 cytotoxic T cells provides an important mechanism for immune protection against viruses. Recent advances in proteogenomics have allowed researchers to discover a growing number of unique HLA-restricted viral peptides, resulting in a rapidly expanding repertoire of targets for immunotherapeutics (i.e.

Cancer cell-derived type I interferons instruct tumor monocyte polarization.

Monocytes are highly plastic immune cells that modulate antitumor immunity. Therefore, identifying factors that regulate tumor monocyte functions is critical for developing effective immunotherapies. Here, we determine that endogenous cancer cell-derived type I interferons (IFNs) control monocyte functional polarization.

A direct observation tool to measure interactions between shade, nature, and children's physical activity: SOPLAY-SN.

Background: Most physical activity (PA) during school occurs at recess; however, recess PA may be influenced by children's thermal comfort and interaction with nature, neither of which have concurrently been measured reliably in previous studies. This study tests the reliability of SOPLAY-SN, an adaption of the validated System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY) to measure Shade and Nature (SN) alongside PA, and associations between children's PA and interaction with shade and nature during recess to highlight the utility of the tool.

Methods: Interactions with shade and nature were measured using systematic direct observation at two playgrounds (primary-grade = ages 5-8, upper-grade = ages 9-12) during recess at an elementary school in Phoenix, Arizona (USA).

Youth physical activity and the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

The purpose of the systematic review was to identify, evaluate, and synthesize evidence from available published literature examining the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on youth physical activity (PA). A systematic review of the literature was conducted for years 2020-2021. Published articles were searched in eight databases.

Home Smoke-Free Policies as Children Age: Urban, Rural, and Suburban Differences.

Introduction: Parents/guardians can effectively reduce tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke exposure among youth by adopting and enforcing rules against indoor tobacco smoking (ie, home smoke-free policies). We investigate home smoke-free policies from childhood to adolescence in the United States and across rural, suburban, and urban households.

Aims And Methods: We analyzed 2019-2020 National Survey of Children's Health data from n = 5,955 parents of youth aged 0-17, living at home with a tobacco smoker in the United States (U.

Modulation of nigral dopamine signaling mitigates parkinsonian signs of aging: evidence from intervention with calorie restriction or inhibition of dopamine uptake.

Identifying neurobiological mechanisms of aging-related parkinsonism, and lifestyle interventions that mitigate them, remain critical knowledge gaps. No aging study, from rodent to human, has reported loss of any dopamine (DA) signaling marker near the magnitude associated with onset of parkinsonian signs in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, in substantia nigra (SN), similar loss of DA signaling markers in PD or aging coincide with parkinsonian signs.

Climate change and physical activity: ambient temperature and urban trail use in Texas.

Individuals in the USA are insufficiently active, increasing their chronic disease risk. Extreme temperatures may reduce physical activity due to thermal discomfort. Cooler climate studies have suggested climate change may have a net positive effect on physical activity, yet research gaps remain for warmer climates and within-day physical activity patterns.

Homozygous ALS-linked FUS P525L mutations cell- autonomously perturb transcriptome profile and chemoreceptor signaling in human iPSC microglia.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal disease pathologically typified by motor and cortical neurodegeneration as well as microgliosis. The FUS P525L mutation is highly penetrant and causes ALS cases with earlier disease onset and more aggressive progression. To date, how P525L mutations may affect microglia during ALS pathogenesis had not been explored.

Acute kidney injury in pediatrics: an overview focusing on pathophysiology.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as an abrupt decline in glomerular filtration rate, with increased serum creatinine and nitrogenous waste products due to several possible etiologies. Incidence in the pediatric population is estimated to be 3.9 per 1,000 hospitalizations, and prevalence among children admitted to intensive care units is 26.

Nephrogenesis, Renal Function, and Biomarkers in Preterm Newborns.

Background: The survival of premature newborns increased in the last decades due to advances in neonatal care. The physiology of this group is still under investigation, once the incomplete organogenesis entails functional particularities that are not yet clarified by current clinical knowledge. The immature kidneys are especially susceptible to acute injury with potential long-term impacts.

School-Level Economic Disparities in Police-Reported Crimes and Active Commuting to School.

Perceived safety remains one of the main barriers for children to participate in active commuting to school (ACS). This ecological study examined the associations between the number of police-reported crimes in school neighborhoods and ACS. The percentage of active travel trips was assessed from a teacher tally survey collected from students across 63 elementary schools that were primarily classified as high-poverty ( = 27).

School Parks as a Community Health Resource: Use of Joint-Use Parks by Children before and during COVID-19 Pandemic.

Parks are settings for physical activity that can support the physical and mental health of children during the COVID-19 pandemic. We determined the impact of the pandemic on the use of joint-use parks outside of school hours by children in Austin, TX, United States. In autumn of 2019 and autumn of 2020 (i.