Transperineal pelvic floor ultrasound in male.

Introduction: The pelvic floor (PF) is a highly complex structure which may be affected by various stimulating factors like decreased PF support. As ultrasound can dynamically observe the position and mobility of anatomical structures, However, there are very few studies on PF ultrasound in males.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one male patients with normal conditions underwent transperineal pelvic floor ultrasound (TPFU) examination.

Evaluation of internal and shell stiffness in the differential diagnosis of breast non-mass lesions by shear wave elastography.

Background: The diagnostic specificity of conventional ultrasound for breast non-mass lesions (NMLs) is low at approximately 21%-43%. Shear wave elastography (SWE) can distinguish benign from malignant lesions by evaluating the internal and peripheral stiffness. SWE has good reproducibility and high diagnostic efficacy.

Microphthalmia resulting from MSX2-induced apoptosis in the optic vesicle.

Purpose: Microphthalmia is a relatively common ocular malformation. Molecular mechanisms that lead to this dire condition are largely unknown. Msx genes have been shown to be expressed in the developing eye.

Enhancement of hepatitis B virus replication by its X protein in transgenic mice.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene encodes a multifunctional protein that can regulate cellular signaling pathways, interact with cellular transcription factors, and induce hepatocellular oncogenesis. In spite of its diverse activities, the precise role of the X protein in the viral life cycle of HBV remains unclear. To investigate this question, we have produced transgenic mice that carry either the wild-type HBV genome or a mutated HBV genome incapable of expressing the 16.

Msx2 is an immediate downstream effector of Pax3 in the development of the murine cardiac neural crest.

The neural crest plays a crucial part in cardiac development. Cells of the cardiac subpopulation of cranial neural crest migrate from the hindbrain into the outflow tract of the heart where they contribute to the septum that divides the pulmonary and aortic channels. In Splotch mutant mice, which lack a functional Pax3 gene, migration of cardiac neural crest is deficient and aorticopulmonary septation does not occur.