Publications by authors named "Lantz K"
Article Synopsis
- - Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b was detected in the U.S. in 2021, affecting poultry and wild animals while leading to significant losses in dairy production across multiple states by 2024.
- - A Texas dairy cow diagnosed with the virus showed symptoms like reduced feed intake, thick yellow milk, and decreased milk production, prompting investigations that identified more than 200 affected herds in 14 states.
- - Experimental infection in Holstein heifers and lactating cows confirmed the disease's mild clinical effects in heifers and more pronounced symptoms in cows, providing important groundwork for understanding transmission and potential interventions for future outbreaks.
Article Synopsis
- The highly pathogenic H5 clade 2.3.4.4b avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak reached North America in late 2021 and was first detected in Alaska in April 2022.
- Researchers analyzed 177 HPAI virus genomes collected in Alaska from April to December 2022, revealing multiple introductions of the virus into the state during this period.
- The study highlighted how HPAI spread among various species, including wild birds and domestic poultry, and stressed the importance of ongoing monitoring and genomic analysis for better understanding and response to this virus.
Article Synopsis
- Goats can carry foodborne pathogens without showing symptoms, posing risks to human and animal health; this study focused on estimating their prevalence in U.S. goat herds.
- Of the 3,959 goats examined, 2.3% were found to be positive for specific pathogens, with a higher operation prevalence of 13%; some operations had multiple isolates while others had only one.
- Resistance to certain antibiotics was observed in the isolates, with 44.9% resistant to tetracycline; factors like access to surface water and the use of antibiotics in feed increased the likelihood of positive findings in operations.
The wild to domestic bird interface is an important nexus for emergence and transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. Although the recent incursion of HPAI H5N1 Clade 2.3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Several single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) pipelines exist, each offering its own advantages. Among them and described here is vSNP that has been developed over the past decade and is specifically tailored to meet the needs of diagnostic laboratories. Laboratories that aim to provide rapid whole genome sequencing results during outbreak investigations face unique challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn ongoing, severe outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) A H5N1 clade 2.3.4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, specifically the H5N1 strain, have been causing high death rates in birds across the U.S. since late 2021.
- There is a notable increase in infections among mammals, including a documented case in a bottlenose dolphin in Florida, showing severe neurological damage.
- Genetic analysis revealed a mutation in the virus that may decrease the effectiveness of common antiviral treatments, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and biosecurity to prevent further spread.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have potential to cross species barriers and cause pandemics. Since 2022, HPAI A(H5N1) belonging to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.
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- A study analyzed the impact of the highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus on 67 wild mammals in the U.S. from April to July 2022.
- The affected species included primarily red foxes, but also striped skunks, raccoons, bobcats, Virginia opossums, coyote, fisher, and gray fox.
- Infected mammals exhibited neurological issues and had significant lesions like meningoencephalitis and pneumonia, suggesting that the virus spilled over from wild birds to these terrestrial animals.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported in multiple animal species besides humans. The goal of this study was to report clinical signs, infection progression, virus detection and antibody response in a group of wild felids housed in adjacent but neighboring areas at the Pittsburgh Zoo. Initially, five African lions () housed together exhibited respiratory clinical signs with viral shedding in their feces in March of 2021 coinciding with infection of an animal keeper.
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- The 2022-2023 HPAI H5N1 outbreak in the U.S. is historically significant, primarily affecting turkey farms, with major economic impacts.
- Researchers conducted a case-control study involving 66 infected turkey farms and 59 non-infected farms to identify risk factors for virus introduction.
- Key risk factors included proximity to control zones and exposure to wild birds, while protective measures involved access to sanitation facilities and designated showers for farm workers.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage H5 clade 2.3.4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The 2022-2023 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreak in the United States (U.S.) is the most geographically extensive and costly animal health event in U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses have shown potential drug resistance, with about 0.8% of analyzed strains exhibiting markers for resistance to FDA-approved antivirals, indicating a possible public health threat.
- Testing revealed that most of these viruses remain susceptible to existing antivirals, particularly favoring investigational options like AV5080 over conventional treatments.
- Continued surveillance of these viruses is crucial for understanding their evolution and refining strategies for antiviral stockpiling to mitigate potential health risks.
Article Synopsis
- SARS-CoV-2 can spread between humans and animals, particularly free-ranging white-tailed deer, raising public health concerns about the potential for new virus variants to develop.
- Researchers collected over 8,800 respiratory samples from deer across the U.S. and found 391 virus sequences, including well-known variants like Alpha and Omicron.
- The study revealed that the virus entered deer populations from humans multiple times, leading to deer-to-deer transmission, and indicated possible cases of the virus spilling back to humans.
Article Synopsis
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) has spilled over into marine mammals in the northeastern U.S., linked to wild birds in the area.* -
- The situation highlights the interaction between different species and the potential spread of the virus.* -
- Ongoing monitoring of both wild coastal birds and marine mammals is essential to assess the pandemic risk of these influenza viruses.*
Trees continuously regulate leaf physiology to acquire CO while simultaneously avoiding excessive water loss. The balance between these two processes, or water use efficiency (WUE), is fundamentally important to understanding changes in carbon uptake and transpiration from the leaf to the globe under environmental change. While increasing atmospheric CO (iCO ) is known to increase tree intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), less clear are the additional impacts of climate and acidic air pollution and how they vary by tree species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeveral studies have investigated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized horses, but studies conducted on community-based populations of equids are limited. The factors associated with AMR in these bacteria in the general horse population are not well understood.
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- Salmonella species are a significant cause of gastrointestinal disease in both animals, including goats, and humans, ranking among the top five foodborne pathogens in the U.S.
- This study analyzed fecal samples from goats to assess Salmonella prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm production, and virulence traits as part of a larger USDA initiative.
- Results showed a low prevalence of Salmonella (0.7%) in goat feces, with a variety of serotypes present, and most isolates demonstrated susceptibility to antimicrobials while also exhibiting potential virulence traits.
Relationship between ozone and biologically relevant UV at 4 NDACC sites.
Photochem Photobiol Sci
December 2022
Clouds and aerosols, as well as overhead ozone, can have large effects on ultraviolet (UV) irradiances. We use statistical methods to remove cloud effects and mean aerosol effects from spectral UV irradiance measurements to investigate the relationship between UV and total column ozone. We show that for fixed solar zenith angles (SZA), seasonal changes in ozone lead to marked changes in clear-sky UV irradiances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the primary analysis of the phase III COLUMBA study, daratumumab by subcutaneous administration (DARA SC) demonstrated non-inferiority to intravenous administration (DARA IV) for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Here, we report the final analysis of efficacy and safety from COLUMBA after a median of 29.3 months follow-up (additional 21.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe status of the stratospheric ozone layer is assessed by a panel of experts every 4 years. Reports prepared by this panel include a section with common questions and answers (Q&A) about ozone depletion and related matters. Since 2002, this Q&A supplement has featured a plot comparing historical and current ultraviolet (UV) Index data from Palmer Station, Antarctica (64° S), with measurements at San Diego, California (32° N), and Barrow, Alaska (79° N).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExperiences of Hispanic Safety Net Clinic Patients With Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care
April 2022
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the material, health (general and diabetes-specific), and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes who did not experience COVID-19 infection.
Methods: This cross-sectional and longitudinal study used surveys within a clinical trial of 79 Hispanic adult clinic patients with type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional measures included the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, items from the Coronavirus Impact Scale, and the Pandemic Impacts Inventory.
Purpose: To examine the feasibility and acceptability of a social network weight loss intervention delivered by lay health promoters (HPs) to immigrant populations.
Design: Single-arm, non-randomized, pilot study of a social network weight loss intervention developed by a community-based participatory research partnership and delivered by HPs.
Setting: Community-based setting in Southeastern Minnesota, United States.