Experiences and actions of part-time firefighters' family members: a critical incident study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences and actions of part-time firefighters' family members in rural areas in Sweden.

Design: The study had an inductive descriptive design and used the critical incident technique.

Setting: Rural areas, primarily served by a part-time fire station, across Sweden.

Clinical Outcomes of Protocolized Antibiotic Dosing in Critically Ill Surgical Patients With Bacteremia and Augmented Renal Clearance Compared With Critically Ill Surgical Patients Without Augmented Renal Clearance.

Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is a phenomenon observed in critically ill patients, leading to supraphysiologic drug clearance and concern for suboptimal antibiotic concentrations. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of our institutional protocolized antibiotic dosing regimen in critically ill patients with bacteremia and ARC compared with critically ill patients without ARC. We performed a retrospective study comparing the efficacy of an institutional protocolized antibiotic dosing regimen in critically ill patients with bacteremia and ARC compared with critically ill patients without ARC.

Response times in rural areas for emergency medical services, fire and rescue services and voluntary first responders during out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.

Aim: To increase survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA), great efforts are made to improve the number of voluntary first responders (VFR). However, evidence of the potential utility of such efforts is sparse, especially in rural areas. Therefore, the aim was to describe and compare response times for emergency medical services (EMS), fire and rescue services (FRS), and VFR during OHCA in relation to population density.

Microbial Transfer by Intermittent Catheters: An In Vitro Evaluation of Microbial Transfer in Catheter With Variable Protective Features.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various protective features (eg, catheter cap, introducer tip, and catheter sleeve) of hydrophilic intermittent catheters against contamination with urinary tract infection-associated microorganisms using an in vitro model.

Design: An in vitro study of microbial transfer.

Materials And Methods: Gloves were contaminated with uropathogenic microorganisms and used to simulate intermittent catheterization of male anatomical models with and without the protective features present in 5 commercially available hydrophilic catheters.

Antimicrobial effects of a borate-based bioactive glass wound matrix on wound-relevant pathogens.

Objective: The antimicrobial effects of a borate-based bioactive glass matrix (BBBGM) on clinically relevant microorganisms was investigated for up to seven days in vitro.

Method: A total of 19 wound-relevant pathogens were studied using the in vitro AATCC 100 test method.

Results: The reduction of viable Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts at days 4 and 7 post-culture on the BBBGM was significant (> 4log) in most cases.

A Baker's Dozen of Top Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention Publications for Hospitalized Patients in 2021.

Keeping abreast of the antimicrobial stewardship-related articles published each year is challenging. The Southeastern Research Group Endeavor (SERGE-45) identified antimicrobial stewardship-related, peer-reviewed literature that detailed an "actionable" intervention among hospitalized populations during 2021. The top 13 publications were selected using a modified Delphi technique.

A new twist for Stork-Danheiser products enabled by visible light mediated -cyclohexene formation; access to acyclic distal enones.

Herein, we investigate the use of visible light to indirectly drive ring opening in unstrained 6- and 7-membered ring systems reaction with a transiently generated -cycloalkene. Identification of conditions that capture visible light energy in the form of ring strain was key to success. Under mildly acidic conditions, cycloalkenols were shown to undergo formally endothermic ring-opening isomerization to give acyclic exo-methylene and distal ketones or aldehydes in high yields.

The Statistics of the Cross-Spectrum and the Spectrum Average: Generalization to Multiple Instruments.

This article addresses the measurement of the power spectrum of red noise processes at the lowest frequencies, where the minimum acquisition time is so long that it is impossible to average on a sequence of data record. Therefore, averaging is possible only on simultaneous observation of multiple instruments. This is the case of radio astronomy, which we take as the paradigm, but examples may be found in other fields such as climatology and geodesy.

Change in Antimicrobial Use During COVID-19 Pandemic in South Carolina Hospitals: A Multicenter Observational Cohort Study.

Objectives: This retrospective cohort study examined the impact of the pandemic on antimicrobial use (AU) in South Carolina hospitals.

Methods: Antimicrobial use in days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 days-present was evaluated in 17 hospitals in South Carolina. Matched-pairs mean difference was used to compare AU during the pandemic (March-June 2020) with that during the same months in 2019 in hospitals that did and did not admit patients with COVID-19.

Efficacy of a novel antimicrobial hydrogel for eradication of , and from preformed biofilm and treatment performance in an MRSA wound model.

Background: Bacterial biofilm formation is a complicating factor in the antimicrobial treatment of bacterial infections.

Objectives: In this study, we assessed the impact of a novel hydrogel with the active antimicrobial compound JBC 1847 on eradication of preformed biofilms of , and MRSA , and evaluated the efficacy of MRSA wound treatment.

Methods: Biofilms were exposed to JBC 1847 for 24 h and subsequently the treatments were neutralized and surviving biofilm-associated bacteria recovered and enumerated.

The Gombe Ecosystem Health Project: 16 years of program evolution and lessons learned.

Infectious disease outbreaks pose a significant threat to the conservation of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and all threatened nonhuman primates. Characterizing and mitigating these threats to support the sustainability and welfare of wild populations is of the highest priority. In an attempt to understand and mitigate the risk of disease for the chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania, we initiated a long-term health-monitoring program in 2004.

Outbreak of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 in the southwestern United States: first detections in southern California.

An outbreak of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2)-associated disease occurred in the southwestern United States following its first detection in New Mexico in March 2020. The disease spread throughout several states and was diagnosed for the first time in California on May 11, 2020, in a black-tailed jackrabbit (). The following day, the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) issued an order banning the entrance into California of several lagomorph species and their products from any state in which the disease had been detected in the last 12 mo.

In Vitro Evaluation of Common Antimicrobial Solutions Used for Breast Implant Soaking and Breast Pocket Irrigation-Part 1: Efficacy Against Planktonic Bacteria.

Background: Planktonic bacteria can be inadvertently introduced during breast surgery procedures, which are hypothesized to lead to complications such as infection, capsular contracture, breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and a prolonged local inflammatory response. The utilization of antimicrobial solutions such as triple antibiotic solution (TAB) and/or 10% povidone-iodine (PI) in breast pocket irrigation or implant soaking has been proposed to reduce planktonic bacterial attachment and potential complications.

Objectives: A series of in vitro assessments were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial utility of TAB and PI, either alone or in combination, against planktonic bacteria.

Cross-Spectrum Measurement Statistics: Uncertainties and Detection Limit.

The cross-spectrum method consists in measuring a signal c(t) simultaneously with two independent instruments. Each of these instruments contributes to the global noise by its intrinsic (white) noise, whereas the signal c(t) that we want to characterize could be a (red) noise. We first define the real part of the cross spectrum as a relevant estimator.

Advancing Fourier: space-time concepts in ultrafast optics, imaging, and photonic neural networks.

The concepts of Fourier optics were established in France in the 1940s by Pierre-Michel Duffieux, and laid the foundations of an extensive series of activities in the French research community that have touched on nearly every aspect of contemporary optics and photonics. In this paper, we review a selection of results where applications of the Fourier transform and transfer functions in optics have been applied to yield significant advances in unexpected areas of optics, including the spatial shaping of complex laser beams in amplitude and in phase, real-time ultrafast measurements, novel ghost imaging techniques, and the development of parallel processing methodologies for photonic artificial intelligence.

Developing an Acceptance-Based Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment for Individuals With Binge Eating Pathology: A Preliminary Proof of Concept Study and Clinical Case Series.

Binge eating (BE; i.e., the consumption of a large amount of food in a discrete time period, accompanied by a sense of loss of control) is highly comorbid with overweight or obesity and is the primary symptom of binge eating disorder (BED).

Sterilization of epidermal growth factor with supercritical carbon dioxide and peracetic acid; analysis of changes at the amino acid and protein level.

Aseptic processing and terminal sterilization become increasingly challenging as medical devices become more complex and include active biologics. Terminal sterilization is preferred for patient safety and production costs. We aimed to determine how sterilization using supercritical CO (scCO) with low levels of peracetic acid (PAA) affects amino acids and human epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a model protein.

Grand challenges in the science of wind energy.

Harvested by advanced technical systems honed over decades of research and development, wind energy has become a mainstream energy resource. However, continued innovation is needed to realize the potential of wind to serve the global demand for clean energy. Here, we outline three interdependent, cross-disciplinary grand challenges underpinning this research endeavor.

Sulfonamide Allergies.

As one of the earliest developed antimicrobial classes, sulfonamides remain important therapeutic options for the empiric and definitive treatment of various infectious diseases. In the general population, approximately 3-8% of patients are reported to experience a sulfonamide allergy. Sulfonamide allergies can result in various physical manifestations; however, rash is reported as the most frequently observed.

Effect of saw blade geometry on crack initiation and propagation on the lateral cortical hinge for HTO: Finite element analysis.

Introduction: The hinge plays a primary role in the hold and healing of a high tibial osteotomy (HTO). Weakening of the hinge is a risk factor for failure. The aim of our study was to determine whether the geometry of the saw blade's cutting edge impacts crack initiation or propagation on the hinge.

KLTS: A Rigorous Method to Compute the Confidence Intervals for the Three-Cornered Hat and for Groslambert Covariance.

The three-cornered hat/Groslambert Covariance (GCov) methods are widely used to estimate the stability of each individual clock in a set of three, but no method gives reliable confidence intervals for large integration times. We propose a new KLTS (Karhunen-Loève Tansform using Sufficient statistics) method which uses these estimators to consider the statistics of all the measurements between the pairs of clocks in a Bayesian way. The resulting cumulative density function (CDF) yields confidence intervals for each clock Allan variance (AVAR).

Correction to: Inhalation of specific anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa IgY antibodies transiently decreases P. aeruginosa colonization of the airway in mechanically ventilated piglets.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors flagged that an incorrect piece of data is given in the Materials and Methods section of the article.

Inhalation of specific anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa IgY antibodies transiently decreases P. aeruginosa colonization of the airway in mechanically ventilated piglets.

Background: P. aeruginosa is a pathogen frequently resistant to antibiotics and a common cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Non-antibiotic strategies to prevent or treat VAP are therefore of major interest.

Body concerns and BMI as predictors of disordered eating and body mass in girls: An 18-year longitudinal investigation.

Body concerns (e.g., body dissatisfaction and weight preoccupation) are well-supported prospective risk factors for the development of eating disorders in women.