RNA Sequencing in Comparison to Immunohistochemistry for Measuring Cancer Biomarkers in Breast Cancer and Lung Cancer Specimens.

RNA sequencing is considered the gold standard for high-throughput profiling of gene expression at the transcriptional level. Its increasing importance in cancer research and molecular diagnostics is reflected in the growing number of its mentions in scientific literature and clinical trial reports. However, the use of different reagents and protocols for RNA sequencing often produces incompatible results.

Oncobox Bioinformatical Platform for Selecting Potentially Effective Combinations of Target Cancer Drugs Using High-Throughput Gene Expression Data.

Sequential courses of anticancer target therapy lead to selection of drug-resistant cells, which results in continuous decrease of clinical response. Here we present a new approach for predicting effective combinations of target drugs, which act in a synergistic manner. Synergistic combinations of drugs may prevent or postpone acquired resistance, thus increasing treatment efficiency.

[Intrahepatic bile duct hyperplasia in a baby with partial trisomy of the long arm of 17 chromosome].

The paper describes a clinical and anatomical case of partial trisomy of the long arm of 17 chromosome in a baby aged 1 month and 4 days with the karyotype 46,XY, dup(17)(q21q24) from a dichorionic diamniotic twin born after in vitro fertilization. Intrahepatic bile duct hyperplasia was first detected in the patient with this chromosomal abnormality. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the liver were conducted using antibodies to Ki-67, CK-pan, CK8, CK 18, Vim, SMA, CD31, CD34, HER-2/neu.

[Skin morphology in congenital ichthyosis (Harlequin fetus)].

The paper describes a skin morphological examination using an immunohistochemical study (Ki-67, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, and CK LMW) in a dead 4-month-old girl with congenital ichthyosis (Harlequin ichthyosis (HI)). There is impaired proliferative activity, abnormalities in epidermal differentiation with abnormal CK LMW synthesis, and those in the differentiation of the skin appendages. There are also pronounced sclerotic changes with a predominance of reticulin fibers, derma, and its vessels.

[Proliferative activity of thyroid papillary microcarcinoma].

Papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) of the thyroid is its papillary carcinoma (TPC), which measures 1 cm or less (WHO). According to autopsy data, the incidence of PMC that cannot be identified during a patient's life is 1 to 36%. Proliferative activity was analyzed in 75 cases of PMC, by immunohistochemical assays using antibodies to the proliferation markers Ki-67, cycline DI, and MCM2 in paraffin block slides.

[Thyroid microcarcinoma].

The WHO classification of thyroid tumors defines papillary microcarcinoma as papillary carcinoma, 1 cm or less in diameter. Many Russian and foreign authors include follicular and medullary types. The limiting size which permits a tumor to be considered microcarcinoma if it measures either 1 cm or 1.

Cyclin D1 overexpression in thyroid papillary microcarcinoma: its association with tumour size and aberrant beta-catenin expression.

Aims: Cyclin D1 is a target molecule transcriptionally activated by aberrant beta-catenin in Wnt signalling. Thyroid papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) may be considered a precursor of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Ki67 is widely used as a proliferation marker.

The BRAFT1796A transversion is a prevalent mutational event in human thyroid microcarcinoma.

Mutation in exon 15 of the BRAF gene is a characteristic feature of human thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC). To determine the role of such mutation(s) in the neoplastic progression of thyroid papillary microcarcinoma (PMC), we analyzed 46 cases from 31 Russian and 15 Japanese patients with PMC. Mutated BRAF (the BRAFT1796A transversion in all cases) was detected in 13/46 (28.