Overcoming Interfacial Hydrogen Site-Blocking during Alkaline Formate Oxidation: Insights from Lattice-Compressed PdZr/C Catalysts.

Improving the electrocatalytic conversion of formate in alkaline solutions is crucial for the commercial application of formate fuel cells. However, palladium-based catalysts used for formate oxidation reactions (FOR) face challenges due to the strong adsorption of hydrogen intermediates, resulting in lower catalytic efficiency in alkaline environments. Herein, we prepared a PdZr/C catalyst aimed at employing a doping-induced strain strategy to reduce the hydrogen binding energy of palladium and release more active sites for the oxidation of formate.

Mn─O Covalency as a Lever for Na⁺ Intercalation Kinetics: The Role of Oxygen Edge-Sharing Co Octahedral Sites in MnO₂.

The strategic enhancement of manganese-oxygen (Mn─O) covalency is a promising approach to improve the intercalation kinetics of sodium ions (Na⁺) in manganese dioxide (MnO). In this study, an augmenting Mn─O covalency in MnO by strategically incorporating cobalt at oxygen edge-sharing Co octahedral sites is focused on. Both experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal an increased electron polarization from oxygen to manganese, surpassing that directed toward cobalt, thereby facilitating enhanced electron transfer and strengthening covalency.

Molecular network mechanism in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats treated with human urine stem cells.

Objective: To explore the effect of human urine-derived stem cells (husc) in improving the neurological function of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR), and report new molecular network by bioinformatics, combined with experiment validation.

Methods: After CIR model was established, and husc were transplanted into the lateral ventricle of rats，neurological severe score (NSS) andgene network analysis were performed. Firstly, we input the keywords "Cerebral reperfusion" and "human urine stem cells" into Genecard database and merged data with findings from PubMed so as to get their targets genes, and downloaded them to make Venny intersection plot.

Modulating the d-Band Center of Palladium via Ethylene Glycol Modification: Accelerating H Desorption for Enhanced Formate Electrooxidation.

This study addresses the critical challenge in alkaline direct formate fuel cells (DFFCs) of slow formate oxidation reaction (FOR) kinetics as a result of strong hydrogen intermediate (H) adsorption on Pd catalysts. We developed WO-supported Pd nanoparticles (EG-Pd/WO) via an organic reduction method using ethylene glycol (EG), aiming to modulate the d-band center of Pd and alter H adsorption dynamics. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated significantly improved H desorption kinetics in EG-Pd/WO catalysts.

Cu-Modified Palladium Catalysts: Boosting Formate Electrooxidation via Interfacially OH-Driven H Removal.

Direct formate fuel cells have gained traction due to their eco-friendly credentials and inherent safety. However, their potential is hampered by the kinetic challenges of the formate oxidation reaction (FOR) on Pd-based catalysts, chiefly due to the unfavorable adsorption of hydrogen species (H). These species clog the active sites, hindering efficient catalysis.

Microarray analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs in spinal cord contusion rats with iPSC-derived A2B5 oligodendrocyte precursor cells transplantation.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe complication of spinal trauma with high disability and mortality rates. Effective therapeutic methods to alleviate neurobehavioural deficits in patients with SCI are still lacking. In this study, we established a spinal cord contusion (SCC) model in adult Sprague Dawley rats.

The co-regulation of the gut microbiome and host genes might play essential roles in metformin gastrointestinal intolerance.

Metformin is commonly used, but approximately 20% of patients experience gastrointestinal intolerance, leading to medication discontinuation for unclear reasons and a lack of effective management strategies. In this study, the 18 fecal and blood samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA and mRNA transcriptome, respectively. These samples included 3 fecal and 4 blood from metformin-tolerant T2D patients before and after metformin treatment (T and Ta), 3 fecal and 5 blood from metformin-intolerant T2D patients before and after treatment (TS and TSa), and 6 fecal samples from healthy controls.

Integrated analysis of plasma proteome and cortex single-cell transcriptome reveals the novel biomarkers during cortical aging.

Background: With the increase of age, multiple physiological functions of people begin gradually degenerating. Regardless of natural aging or pathological aging, the decline in cognitive function is one of the most obvious features in the process of brain aging. Brain aging is a key factor for several neuropsychiatric disorders and for most neurodegenerative diseases characterized by onset typically occurring late in life and with worsening of symptoms over time.

Scutellarin inhibits the glioma cell proliferation by downregulating BIRC5 to promote cell apoptosis.

The expression changes of baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing protein5 in brain glioma after administration of Scutellarin was detected. To explore the effort of scutellarin on anti-glioma by downregulating BIRC5.The effect of scutellarin on tumour growth and animal survival was detected by administering scutellarin to nude mice subcutaneous tumour formation and SD rats in situ tumour formation models.

Modulating the Interfacial Water Network of Dual-Site Pd/FeO/C Catalyst for Efficient Formate Electrooxidation.

The rational design of electrocatalysts for formate oxidation reaction (FOR) in alkaline media is crucial to promote the practical applications of direct formate fuel cells (DFFCs). The FOR kinetic on palladium (Pd) based electrocatalysts is strongly hindered by unfavorably adsorbed hydrogen (H) as the major intermediate species blocking the active sites. Herein, we report a strategy of modulating the interfacial water network of dual-site Pd/FeO/C catalyst to significantly enhance the desorption kinetics of H during FOR.

Urine-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes enhances survival and proliferation of aging retinal ganglion cells.

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate to test the effect of exosomes from urine-derived mesenchymal stem cells (USCs) on the survival and viability of aging retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and explored the preliminary related mechanisms.

Methods: Primary USCs were cultured and identified by immunofluorescence staining. Aging RGCs models were established by D-galactose treatment and identified by β-Galactosidase staining.

Urine-derived stem cells ameliorates the aging of retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Objective: To investigate the ameliorative effect of urine-derived stem cells (USCs) conditioned medium on the aging retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and explore the underlying mechanism.

Methods: The RPE cells were cultured, and aging RPE models were prepared by D-galactose treatment and identified by β-Galactosidase staining. USCs were primarily cultured and identified by immunofluorescence staining.

Nitrogen isotope evidence for Earth's heterogeneous accretion of volatiles.

The origin of major volatiles nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur in planets is critical for understanding planetary accretion, differentiation, and habitability. However, the detailed process for the origin of Earth's major volatiles remains unresolved. Nitrogen shows large isotopic fractionations among geochemical and cosmochemical reservoirs, which could be used to place tight constraints on Earth's volatile accretion process.

Isolation, Characterization, and Depolymerization of l-Cysteine Substituted Lignin.

Lignin condensation reactions are hard to avoid or control during separation, which is a deterrent to lignin isolation and post-conversation, especially for the full utilization of lignocelluloses. Selective protection of β-aryl ether linkages in the isolation process is crucial to lignin valorization. Herein, a two-step acid/alkali separation method assisted with l-cysteine for lignin separation is developed, and the isolated l-cysteine lignins (LCLs) are comprehensively characterized by 2D NMR, P NMR, thioacidolysis, etc.

NanoSIMS Analysis of Rare Earth Elements in Silicate Glass and Zircon: Implications for Partition Coefficients.

We have developed a method to analyze all rare earth elements in silicate glasses and zircon minerals using a high lateral resolution secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS). A 2nA O primary beam was used to sputter a 7-8-μm diameter crater on the sample surface, and secondary positive ions were extracted for mass analysis using an accelerating voltage of 8 kV. A high mass resolving power of 9,400 at 10% peak height was attained to separate heavy REE from oxide of light REE.

Gut microbiota and differential genes-maintained homeostasis is key to maintaining health of individuals with Yang-deficiency constitution.

Objective: Yang-deficiency constitution (YADC) is a common unbalanced constitution that predisposes individuals to certain diseases. However, not all people with YADC manifest develop diseases. This calls for delineation of the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Characterization of potential cellulose fiber from cattail fiber: A study on micro/nano structure and other properties.

Exploration of the application prospects of cattail fibers (CFs) in natural composites, and other fields is important for the sustainable development of new, green, light-weight, functional biomass materials. In this study, the physical and chemical properties, micro/nano structure, and mechanical characteristics of CFs were investigated. The CFs have a low density (618.

inhibits Alzheimer's disease by regulating the complex regulation network with the core of and .

Context: Current medicine for Alzheimer's disease (AD) cannot effectively reverse or block nerve injury. Traditional Chinese Medicine practice and research imply (Fuzi) may meet this goal.

Objective: Analysing the anti-AD effect of Fuzi and its potential molecular mechanism.

Naphthalene Structures Derived from Lignins During Phenolation.

Phenolation is a commonly used method to improve the reactivity of lignin for various applications. In this study, resinol lignin models (syringaresinol and pinoresinol) and eucalyptus alkali lignin were treated under acid-catalyzed phenolation conditions to investigate the products derived from resinol (β-β) structures of lignins. The phenolation products were characterized by means of GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy following separation using flash chromatography and thin-layer chromatography.

Characterization of potential cellulose fiber from Luffa vine: A study on physicochemical and structural properties.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the natural Luffa vine (LV) fiber to be effectively used as cellulose fiber reinforcing material for lightweight and decay-resistance composite materials. The physical, chemical, thermal, and morphological properties of the LV fibers, together with their microstructure are investigated. The test results conclude that the LV density, microscopic characteristics, and mechanical properties show that this crop is a lightweight (200-550 kg/m) natural fiber with a porous structure and a high specific modulus (1.

Lentivirus-mediated inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-α improves motor function associated with PRDX6 in spinal cord contusion rats.

The recovery of motor function in rats is inhibited following contusion spinal cord injury (cSCI). However, the mechanism of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in motor function after cSCI associated with peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) remains unknown. We randomly divided rats into four groups: sham, cSCI, vector and lentivirus mediating TNF-α RNA interference (TNF-α-RNAi-LV) group.

Comparison of different methods of intestinal obstruction in a rat model.

Aim: To investigate different methods of creating incomplete intestinal obstruction in a rat model and to compare their electrophysiologic, morphologic and histologic characteristics.

Methods: Rat ileum was partially obstructed by the respective application of: braided silk (penetrated the mesentery and surrounded intestine); half ligation (penetrated directly and ligated 1/2 cross-section of the intestine); wide pipe (6 mm in width, surrounded the intestine); narrow pipe (2 mm in width, surrounded the intestine). A control was also included (no obstruction).